justification

English

Etymology

From Middle English justificacioun, justification, from Middle French justification, from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
• Rhymes: -eɪʃən

Noun

justification (countable and uncountable, plural justifications)

1. (countable) A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence.
2. (Christianity, uncountable) The forgiveness of sin.
   • 1999, Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification:

     […] to articulate a common understanding of our justification by God’s grace through faith in Christ.

3. (typography, uncountable) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification).

Antonyms

• condemnation
• conviction

Derived terms

• self-justification

Related terms

• acquittal
• exculpation
• justify

Translations

reason, explanation, or excuse

• Albanian: shpjegim (sq) m
• Arabic: تَبْرِير‎ m (tabrīr)
• Armenian: արդարացում (hy) (ardaracʿum)
• Azerbaijani: bəraət (az)
• Belarusian: апраўда́нне n (apraŭdánnje)
• Bulgarian: извине́ние (bg) n (izvinénie), оправда́ние (bg) n (opravdánie)
• Catalan: justificació f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 正當化, 正当化 (zhèngdànghuà)

• Czech: ospravedlnění n, zdůvodnění n, odůvodnění n
• Dutch: rechtvaardiging (nl) f
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Estonian: please add this translation if you can
• Ewe: afiatsotso
• Finnish: oikeutus (fi)
• French: justification (fr) f
• Georgian: გამართლება (gamartleba)
• German: Rechtfertigung (de) f, Begründung (de) f
• Greek: δικαιολογία (el) f (dikaiología), αιτιολόγηση (el) f (aitiológisi), απολόγηση f (apológisi)
• Hungarian: indoklás (hu)
• Irish: réasún m
• Italian: giustificazione (it) f, ragione (it) f, spiegazione (it) f, scusa (it) f
• Japanese: 正当化 (せいとうか, seitōka)
• Korean: 정당화(正當化) (jeongdanghwa)
• Latvian: please add this translation if you can
• Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
• Maori: parahautanga
• Persian: توجیه‎ (fa) (towjih), بهانه‎ (fa) (bahâne)
• Polish: usprawiedliwienie (pl) n, uzasadnienie (pl) n
• Portuguese: justificativa (pt) f, justificação f
• Romanian: justificare (ro) f, justificație (ro) f
• Russian: оправда́ние (ru) n (opravdánije)
• Slovak: please add this translation if you can
• Spanish: justificación (es) f
• Swedish: rättfärdigande (sv), rättfärdiggörelse c
• Turkish: haklı çıkma, savunma (tr), temize çıkma, gerekçe (tr), mazeret (tr), müstenidat (tr)
• Ukrainian: ви́правдання n (výpravdannja)
• Welsh: cyfiawnhad m

forgiveness of sin

• Finnish: vanhurskauttaminen

text alignment

• Armenian: տողաշտկում (hy) (tołaštkum)
• Bulgarian: подравня́ване n (podravnjávane)
• Czech: zarovnání n
• Finnish: tasaus (fi), suljenta
• French: justification (fr) f
• Georgian: გასწორება (gasc̣oreba)
• German: Ausrichtung (de) f, Blocksatz (de) m (print), Zeilenfall m
• Greek: στοίχιση (el) f (stoíchisi)
• Hungarian: igazítás (hu)
• Italian: giustificazione (it) f
• Japanese: 行揃え (ぎょうそろえ, gyōsoroe), ジャスティフィケーション (jyasutifikēshon)
• Polish: justyfikacja f
• Portuguese: justificação f
• Russian: выра́внивание (ru) n (vyrávnivanije)
• Spanish: justificación (es) f
• Swedish: justering (sv)

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French

Etymology

From Old French, borrowed from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒys.ti.fi.ka.sjɔ̃/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

justification f (plural justifications)

1. justification (reason, excuse, etc.)

Related terms

• justifier

Further reading

• “justification”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Middle French

Etymology

From Old French, borrowed from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem.

Noun

justification f (plural justifications)

1. justification (all senses)

Descendants

• → English: justification
• French: justification