rahvas
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *rahvas, from Proto-Germanic *þrawwaz (“full-grown”).
Noun edit
rahvas (genitive rahva, partitive rahvast)
Declension edit
| Declension of rahvas (ÕS type 7/kallas, length gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | rahvas | rahvad | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | rahva | ||
| genitive | rahvaste | ||
| partitive | rahvast | rahvaid | |
| illative | rahvasse | rahvastesse rahvaisse | |
| inessive | rahvas | rahvastes rahvais | |
| elative | rahvast | rahvastest rahvaist | |
| allative | rahvale | rahvastele rahvaile | |
| adessive | rahval | rahvastel rahvail | |
| ablative | rahvalt | rahvastelt rahvailt | |
| translative | rahvaks | rahvasteks rahvaiks | |
| terminative | rahvani | rahvasteni | |
| essive | rahvana | rahvastena | |
| abessive | rahvata | rahvasteta | |
| comitative | rahvaga | rahvastega | |
Related terms edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *rahvas, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *þrawwaz (“full-grown”). The other loan variant raavas has remained closer to the original meaning. (Compare the sense development in väki.) Compare also Estonian rahvas (“people”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rahvas
- (historical, derogatory) the common people, the lower orders (historically, the common people as opposed to the rich and the nobility; now derogatory); rabble, riffraff, vulgus, hoi polloi
- (humorous) people, folks
Usage notes edit
rahvas is not an adjective, but a mass noun. An individual may belong to rahvas (e.g. rahvaaseen kuuluva (“belonging to the hoi polloi”)) but is not "a rahvas man" (×rahvas mies). The non-standard usage as an adjective is considered incorrect in official standard language.
Declension edit
| Inflection of rahvas (Kotus type 41/vieras, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | rahvas | rahvaat | ||
| genitive | rahvaan | rahvaiden rahvaitten | ||
| partitive | rahvasta | rahvaita | ||
| illative | rahvaaseen | rahvaisiin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | rahvas | rahvaat | ||
| accusative | nom. | rahvas | rahvaat | |
| gen. | rahvaan | |||
| genitive | rahvaan | rahvaiden rahvaitten rahvastenrare | ||
| partitive | rahvasta | rahvaita | ||
| inessive | rahvaassa | rahvaissa | ||
| elative | rahvaasta | rahvaista | ||
| illative | rahvaaseen | rahvaisiin rahvaihinrare | ||
| adessive | rahvaalla | rahvailla | ||
| ablative | rahvaalta | rahvailta | ||
| allative | rahvaalle | rahvaille | ||
| essive | rahvaana | rahvaina | ||
| translative | rahvaaksi | rahvaiksi | ||
| abessive | rahvaatta | rahvaitta | ||
| instructive | — | rahvain | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
compounds
Further reading edit
- “rahvas”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *rahvas. Cognates include Finnish rahvas and Estonian rahvas.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈrɑhʋɑs/, [ˈrɑhʋəz̠]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈrɑhʋɑs/, [ˈrɑhʋɑʒ̥]
- Rhymes: -ɑhʋɑs
- Hyphenation: rah‧vas
Noun edit
rahvas
Declension edit
| Declension of rahvas (type 2/patsas, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | rahvas | rahvaat |
| genitive | rahvaan | rahvain |
| partitive | rahvasta, rahvast | rahvaita, rahvaja |
| illative | rahvaasse | rahvaisse |
| inessive | rahvaas | rahvais |
| elative | rahvaast | rahvaist |
| allative | rahvaalle | rahvaille |
| adessive | rahvaal | rahvail |
| ablative | rahvaalt | rahvailt |
| translative | rahvaaks | rahvaiks |
| essive | rahvaanna, rahvaan | rahvainna, rahvain |
| exessive1) | rahvaant | rahvaint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
| Soikkola declension of rahvas (type 2/patsas, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | rahvas | rahvahat, rahvaat |
| genitive | rahvahan | rahvahiin |
| partitive | rahvasta | rahvahia |
| illative | rahvahasse | rahvahisse |
| inessive | rahvahaas | rahvahiis |
| elative | rahvahast | rahvahist |
| allative | rahvahalle | rahvahille |
| adessive | rahvahaal | rahvahiil |
| ablative | rahvahalt | rahvahilt |
| translative | rahvahaks | rahvahiks |
| essive | rahvahaan | rahvahiin |
| exessive1) | rahvahant | rahvahint |
| 1) Obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) | ||
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 462
Karelian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *rahvas. Cognates include Finnish rahvas and Estonian rahvas.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rahvas (genitive rahvahan, partitive rahvasta)
Declension edit
Declension of rahvas, no gradation
|
References edit
- P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 18
Livvi edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *rahvas. Cognates include Finnish rahvas and Estonian rahvas.