Danish

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Etymology

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Formed from the verb straffe (to penalize), from Middle Low German straffen (to punish, blame), from Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (to squeeze, press, graze).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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straf c (singular definite straffen, plural indefinite straffe)

  1. punishment, penalty

Declension

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References

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  1. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “straf1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /strɑf/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: straf
  • Rhymes: -ɑf

Etymology 1

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Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.

Noun

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straf f (plural straffen, diminutive strafje n)

  1. a punishment, penalty, sanction
  2. a discomfort, misfortune
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Afrikaans: straf
  • Negerhollands: straaf
  • Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap
  • Indonesian: setrap
  • Papiamentu: straf
  • Saramaccan: sitaáfu

Verb

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straf

  1. inflection of straffen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative

Etymology 2

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From late Middle Dutch straf. Further etymology is not known.

Adjective

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straf (comparative straffer, superlative strafst)

  1. heavy, hefty
  2. spicy
  3. implausible, improbable
Declension
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Declension of straf
uninflected straf
inflected straffe
comparative straffer
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial straf straffer het strafst
het strafste
indefinite m./f. sing. straffe straffere strafste
n. sing. straf straffer strafste
plural straffe straffere strafste
definite straffe straffere strafste
partitive strafs straffers
Synonyms
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German

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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straf

  1. singular imperative of strafen
  2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of strafen

Tok Pisin

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Etymology

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From German Strafe (punishment).

Noun

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straf

  1. punishment