fel
Afrikaans edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch fel, from Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
fel (attributive fel, comparative feller, superlative felste)
Adverb edit
fel
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fel m or f (plural fels)
- gall, bile
- Synonym: bilis
- (figurative) misery
- (figurative) rancor
- Synonym: rancúnia
Further reading edit
- “fel” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “fel” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Cornish edit
Noun edit
fel
- Mixed mutation of mel.
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
fel (comparative feller, superlative felst)
Inflection edit
Inflection of fel | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | fel | |||
inflected | felle | |||
comparative | feller | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | fel | feller | het felst het felste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | felle | fellere | felste |
n. sing. | fel | feller | felste | |
plural | felle | fellere | felste | |
definite | felle | fellere | felste | |
partitive | fels | fellers | — |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Adverb edit
fel
- fiercely
- De Frisii waren een Germaans volk en net als verscheidene andere Germaanse volkeren wisten ze zich fel te verdedigen tegen de Romeinen[*] — The Frisii were a Germanic people and, just like various other Germanic peoples, they knew how to defend themselves fiercely against the Romans.
Descendants edit
- Afrikaans: fel
Anagrams edit
Elfdalian edit
Etymology edit
Adverb edit
fel
Fala edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese fazer, from Latin facere. Compare Portuguese fazer and Galician facer.
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
fel
- (Lagarteiru, Mañegu) to do, make
Conjugation edit
infinitive | fel | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | fendu | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | feitu | feita | |||||
plural | feitus | feitas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | ei | tú | el/ela | nos | vos | elis/elas | |
present | fagu | fais | fai | femus | feis | fadin | |
imperfect | feya | feyas | feya | féyamus | feyis | feyan | |
preterite | fidi | fidestis fidetis |
fidu | fidemus | fidestis fidetis |
fideran | |
future | fairé | fairás | fairá | fairemus | faireis | fairán | |
conditional | fairía | fairías | fairía | fairíamus | fairíis fairíais |
fairían | |
subjunctive | ei | tú | el/ela | nos | vos | elis/elas | |
present | faga | fagas | faga | fagamus | fagais | fagan | |
imperfect (ra) | fidera | fideras | fidera | fidéramus | fideris | fideran | |
imperfect (si) | fidesi | fidesis | fidesi | fidésimus | fidesis | fidesin | |
imperative | — | fai | — | — | fei | — |
infinitive | fel | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | fendu | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | feitu | feita | |||||
plural | feitus | feitas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | ei | tú | el/ela | nos | vos | elis/elas | |
present | fayu | fais | fai | femus feimus |
feis | fayin | |
imperfect | feya | feyas | feya | féyamus | feyis feyais |
feyan | |
preterite | fidi | fidestis | fidu | fidemus | fidestis | fideran | |
future | fairé | fairás | fairá | fairemus | faireis | fairán | |
conditional | fairía | fairías | fairía | fairíamus | fairíis fairíais |
fairían | |
subjunctive | ei | tú | el/ela | nos | vos | elis/elas | |
present | faya | fayas | faya | fayamus | fayais | fayan | |
imperfect (ra) | fidera | fideras | fidera | fidéramus | fideris fiderais |
fideran | |
imperfect (si) | fidesi | fidesis | fidesi | fidésimus | fidesis | fidesin | |
imperative | — | fai | — | — | fei | — |
Related terms edit
- feitu (“done, fact”)
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese fel , from Vulgar Latin *felem.
Alternative forms edit
- fe (Lagarteiru)
Noun edit
fel f (uncountable)
- (Mañegu, Valverdeñu) bile
References edit
Galician edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese fel (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fel m (plural feles)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “fel” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “fel” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “fel” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “fel” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Hungarian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Uralic *pide.[1][2]
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
fel (comparative feljebb, superlative legfeljebb)
Usage notes edit
This term may also be part of the split form of a verb prefixed with fel-, occurring when the main verb does not follow the prefix directly. It can be interpreted only with the related verb form, irrespective of its position in the sentence, e.g. meg tudták volna nézni (“they could have seen it”, from megnéz). For verbs with this prefix, see fel-; for an overview, Appendix:Hungarian verbal prefixes.
Derived terms edit
- See the compound word derivations below, at the noun sense.
Noun edit
fel (uncountable)
- (archaic) Alternative form of föl (“upper part, surface”)
- (rare, dialectal) Alternative form of föl (“skim (of the milk)”) or föl (“cream; the best part”)
Declension edit
Inflection of fel | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | fel | — |
accusative | felt felet |
— |
dative | felnek | — |
instrumental | fellel | — |
causal-final | felért | — |
translative | fellé | — |
terminative | felig | — |
essive-formal | felként | — |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | felben | — |
superessive | felen | — |
adessive | felnél | — |
illative | felbe | — |
sublative | felre | — |
allative | felhez | — |
elative | felből | — |
delative | felről | — |
ablative | feltől | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
felé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
feléi | — |
Possessive forms of fel | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | felem | — |
2nd person sing. | feled | — |
3rd person sing. | fele | — |
1st person plural | felünk | — |
2nd person plural | feletek | — |
3rd person plural | felük | — |
Derived terms edit
Adjective edit
fel
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Entry #759 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ fel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading edit
- (up): fel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (skim, best part; rare, dialectal): fel , redirecting to standard (1): föl in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (upper part): fel in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (’A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874.
Latin edit
Etymology edit
Uncertain. Either from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”), or from *bʰel-, *bʰl̥H- (“yellow”). *ǵʰ- > f- instead of the expected *h- is explained as being regular in some dialects.[1] Cognates through the first etymon include holus and helvus; Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) and χλωρός (khlōrós, “green”); and English yellow and gold.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fel n (genitive fellis); third declension
Declension edit
Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | fel | fella |
Genitive | fellis | fellium fellum |
Dative | fellī | fellibus |
Accusative | fel | fella |
Ablative | felle | fellibus |
Vocative | fel | fella |
Descendants edit
- Vulgar Latin: *felem m or f (see there for further descendants)
References edit
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fel”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209
- “fel”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- fel in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Old French fel.
Adjective edit
fel
Inflection edit
Adjective | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | ||
Nominative | Indefinite | fel | felle | fel | felle |
Definite | felle | felle | |||
Accusative | Indefinite | fellen | felle | fel | felle |
Definite | felle | ||||
Genitive | fels | feller | fels | feller | |
Dative | fellen | feller | fellen | fellen |
Descendants edit
- Dutch: fel
Further reading edit
- “fel (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “fel (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English edit
Determiner edit
fel
- Alternative form of fele (“many”)
Adverb edit
fel
- Alternative form of fele (“many”)
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Frankish *fel, from Proto-Germanic *faluz; cognate with felon.
Adjective edit
fel m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fele)
- evil
- vile; despicable
- c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- "Fui!" fet Erec, "nains enuiieus!
Trop es fel et contraliieus.["]- "Flee" said Erec "pesky dwarf!
You are too vile and maddening"
- "Flee" said Erec "pesky dwarf!
References edit
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (1. fel)
Old Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
fel
- Alternative form of fil
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
fel | ḟel | fel pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese fel, from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Hungarian -féle.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fel n (plural feluri)
- sort, type, kind
- manner, style, way
- În ce fel? ― In what way?
- În felul acesta. ― In this way.
- Nu e în felul lui să fie neprietenos. ― It’s unlike him to be unkind.
- course of a meal
- felul unu ― first course
- felul doi ― second course
- felul trei ― dessert
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- fel in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
See Norwegian feil and Danish fejl. Used in Swedish at least since 1527. For the adverb, the now obsolete form felt was the dominant written form until the mid 19th century.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel)
- wrong, incorrect, erroneous
- Fel svar ger inga poäng
- A wrong answer gives no points
- Det är fel att döda
- Killing is wrong
- Vi gick fel väg
- We went the wrong way
- Vi gick på fel buss
- We got on the wrong bus
Declension edit
No inflected forms.
Antonyms edit
Adverb edit
fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel)
- wrong, wrongly, incorrectly, erroneously
- Hon svarade fel på hälften av frågorna
- She answered wrong on half of the questions
- Planen slog fel
- The plan failed
- Det gick fel
- It went wrong
See also edit
Noun edit
fel n
- (uncountable) wrong (incorrectness or moral wrongness), (sometimes, by rephrasing) a mistake
- Antonym: rätt
- Jag erkänner, jag gjorde fel
- I admit, I made a mistake / I did wrong (can mean morally or otherwise)
- Han har fel
- He is wrong ("has wrong" – idiomatic)
- an error, a fault, a defect, a wrong
- Vi hittade flera fel i artikeln
- We found several errors in the article
- Det är något fel på datorn
- There is something wrong with the computer
- Två fel gör inte ett rätt
- Two wrongs don't make a right (idiomatic)
Declension edit
Declension of fel | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | fel | felet | fel | felen |
Genitive | fels | felets | fels | felens |
Derived terms edit
This list includes words based on the adverb (felcitera (“to cite erroneously”)) as well as the noun (felsöka (“to search for errors”)).
- dubbelfel
- fela
- felaktig
- felanalys
- felanmälan
- felanvänd
- felas
- felbar
- felbedöma
- felbehandla
- felberäkning
- felcitera
- feldatera
- feldosera
- feldrag
- felfinnare
- felfinneri
- felformulerad
- felfrekvens
- felfri
- felföra
- felgrepp
- felgräns
- felhandling
- felinformerad
- felinvestering
- felkalkyl
- felkonstruerad
- felkälla
- felläsning
- felmanöver
- felmarginal
- felmeddelande
- felmärkt
- felnavigering
- felparkerad
- felparkering
- felpass
- felpassning
- felplacerad
- felplanerad
- felprocent
- felprogrammerad
- felrikta
- felringning
- felräknad
- felräkning
- felsatsning
- felskrivning
- felslag
- felslagen
- felslut
- felspekulation
- felstava
- felsteg
- felställd
- felstämplad
- felsyn
- felsägning
- felsöka
- feltecknad
- feltolka
- feltryck
- felträff
- feltänkt
- felunderrättad
- felval
- felvisande
- felvänd
- felväxt
- felöversättning
- talfel
- tryckfel
- översättningsfel
References edit
- fel in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- fel in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- fel in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- fel in Reverso Context (Swedish-English)
Volapük edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fel (nominative plural fels)
- field (general)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- befeil
- befeilön
- besovön feilalänedi
- deteilacem vestibüla feilanadoma Dona-Saxänik
- farmadom feilanik
- feil
- feilafluk
- feilalän
- feilaläned
- feilalänedamied
- feilam
- feilan
- feilanasval
- feilanef
- feilanik
- feilans (cf. de: Landsleute)
- feilaplan
- feilaprod
- feilarolöm
- feilastum
- feilastumem
- feilav
- feilavan
- feilavik
- feilavob
- feilavoban
- feilavobanadom
- feilavobod
- feilid
- feilidacin
- feilidön
- feilik
- feilim
- feiliman
- feilimik
- feilän
- feilänem
- feiläns
- feilöf
- feilöfik
- feilön
- flukafeil
- gerafeilaläned
- grenafeilaglun
- hifeilan
- hifeilavan
- hipul feilanik
- humulafeilan
- jifeilan
- jifeilavan
- jipul feilanik
- lefeilan
- lelivafeilan
- lufeilan
- lufeilanadom
- säbefeil
- säbefeilaläned
- säbefeilik
- säbefeilön
- vitidafeil
See also edit
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Breton evel, Cornish avel, Irish samhail, Latin similis. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
fel
- as, like
- Nursery rhyme:
- Gwyn fel yr eira / Du fel y frân / Pinc fel y rhosyn / Coch fel y tân / Llwyd fel y wiwer / Melyn fel yr haul / Glas fel yr awyr / Gwyrdd fel y dail. / Dyna rai o'r lliwiau, / y lliwiau yn Gymraeg.
- White like the snow / Black like the crow / Pink like the rose / Red like the fire / Grey like the squirrel / Yellow like the sun / Blue like the sky / Green like the leaves. / Those are some of the colours, / the colours in Welsh.
- Gwyn fel yr eira / Du fel y frân / Pinc fel y rhosyn / Coch fel y tân / Llwyd fel y wiwer / Melyn fel yr haul / Glas fel yr awyr / Gwyrdd fel y dail. / Dyna rai o'r lliwiau, / y lliwiau yn Gymraeg.
- Nursery rhyme:
Related terms edit
Adverb edit
fel
- (South Wales, colloquial) how
- Synonyms: fel, ffordd
- Fel ’yt ti’n gwbod ’ny? ― How do you know that?
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “fel”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 51 vi