Wiktionary

fel

See also: fél, fêl, and fel-

AfrikaansEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Dutch fel, from Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

fel (attributive fel, comparative feller, superlative felste)

  1. ferocious, fierce
  2. bright (e.g. sunlight)

AdverbEdit

fel

  1. fiercely, ferociously

CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin fel (“bile”) (compare Occitan fèl, French fiel, Spanish hiel), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

fel m or f (plural fels)

  1. gall, bile
    Synonym: bilis
  2. (figurative) misery
  3. (figurative) rancor
    Synonym: rancúnia

Further readingEdit

CornishEdit

NounEdit

fel

  1. Mixed mutation of mel.

DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /fɛl/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: fel
  • Rhymes: -ɛl

AdjectiveEdit

fel (comparative feller, superlative felst)

  1. bright, shiny (e.g. sunlight)
  2. fierce, feisty, even bitter
  3. flashy, showy

InflectionEdit

Inflection of fel
uninflected fel
inflected felle
comparative feller
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial fel feller het felst
het felste
indefinite m./f. sing. felle fellere felste
n. sing. fel feller felste
plural felle fellere felste
definite felle fellere felste
partitive fels fellers —

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Afrikaans: fel
  • → Papiamentu: fel (dated)

AdverbEdit

fel

  1. fiercely
    De Frisii waren een Germaans volk en net als verscheidene andere Germaanse volkeren wisten ze zich fel te verdedigen tegen de Romeinen[1] — The Frisii were a Germanic people and, just like various other Germanic peoples, they knew how to defend themselves fiercely against the Romans.

DescendantsEdit

AnagramsEdit

ElfdalianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with Swedish fuller.

AdverbEdit

fel

  1. probably, likely

GalicianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese fel (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fel, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

fel m (plural feles)

  1. gall; bile
    Synonym: bile
  2. (figuratively) meanness
    Synonym: amargura

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • “fel” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “fel” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “fel” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “fel” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

HungarianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Uralic *pide.[1][2]

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

fel (comparative feljebb, superlative legfeljebb)

  2. up, upward, upwards (to a physically higher or more elevated position)
    Synonym: felfelé
    Antonyms: le, lefelé
    Coordinate terms: fent, fenn, (at a physically higher position) felül

Usage notesEdit

This term may also be part of the split form of a verb prefixed with fel-, occurring when the main verb does not follow the prefix directly. It can be interpreted only with the related verb form, irrespective of its position in the sentence, e.g. meg tudták volna nézni (“they could have seen it”, from megnéz). For verbs with this prefix, see fel-; for an overview, Appendix:Hungarian verbal prefixes.

Derived termsEdit

Expressions
See the compound word derivations below, at the noun sense.

NounEdit

fel (uncountable)

  2. (archaic) Alternative form of föl (“upper part, surface”)
    Synonyms: (upper part) felső rész, (surface) felület
  3. (rare, dialectal) Alternative form of föl (“skim (of the milk)”) orföl (“cream; the best part”)

DeclensionEdit

Inflection of fel
singular plural
nominative fel —
accusative felt
felet 		—
dative felnek —
instrumental fellel —
causal-final felért —
translative fellé —
terminative felig —
essive-formal felként —
essive-modal — —
inessive felben —
superessive felen —
adessive felnél —
illative felbe —
sublative felre —
allative felhez —
elative felből —
delative felről —
ablative feltől —
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		felé —
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		feléi —
Possessive forms of fel
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. felem —
2nd person sing. feled —
3rd person sing. fele —
1st person plural felünk —
2nd person plural feletek —
3rd person plural felük —

Derived termsEdit

Compound words

AdjectiveEdit

fel

  2. (obsolete, only in compounds) upper, higher
    Synonyms: felső, feljebbi, fentebbi, fentebb/feljebb/magasabban lévő

Derived termsEdit

Compound words

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Entry #759 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
  2. ^ fel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further readingEdit

  • (up): fel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (skim, best part; rare, dialectal): fel , redirecting to standard (1): föl in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (upper part): fel in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (’A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874.

LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

Uncertain. Either from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”), or from *bʰel-, *bʰl̥H- (“yellow”). *ǵʰ- > f- instead of the expected *h- is explained as being regular in some dialects.[1] Cognates through the first etymon include holus and helvus; Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) and χλωρός (khlōrós, “green”); and English yellow and gold.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

fel n (genitive fellis); third declension

  1. gall bladder
  2. gall, bile
  3. poison
  4. bitterness, venom

DeclensionEdit

Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative fel fella
Genitive fellis fellium
fellum
Dative fellī fellibus
Accusative fel fella
Ablative felle fellibus
Vocative fel fella

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fel”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209
  • “fel”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • fel in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Old French fel.

AdjectiveEdit

fel

  1. cruel, harsh
  2. evil
  3. terrible
  4. dangerous

InflectionEdit

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

DescendantsEdit

Further readingEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

DeterminerEdit

fel

  1. Alternative form of fele (“many”)

AdverbEdit

fel

  1. Alternative form of fele (“many”)

Old FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Frankish *fel, from Proto-Germanic *faluz; cognate with felon.

AdjectiveEdit

fel m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fele)

  1. evil
  2. vile; despicable
    • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
      "Fui!" fet Erec, "nains enuiieus!
      Trop es fel et contraliieus.["]
      "Flee" said Erec "pesky dwarf!
      You are too vile and maddening"

ReferencesEdit

Old IrishEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

fel

  1. Alternative form of fil

MutationEdit

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
fel ḟel fel
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Portuguese fel, from Latin fel, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”).

PronunciationEdit

  • Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɛl, (Brazil) -ɛw
  • Hyphenation: fel

NounEdit

fel f (plural féis or feles)

  1. sourness, acerbity, bitterness
    Synonym: azedume
  2. (figuratively) sorrow
    Synonym: amargura
  3. (medicine) gall; bile
    Synonyms: bile, bílis

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Hungarian -féle.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

fel n (plural feluri)

  1. sort, type, kind
    fel de fel de oameni — all kinds of people
    la fel ca tine — the same as you
  2. manner, style, way
    În ce fel? — In what way?
    În felul acesta. — In this way.
    Într-un fel e un lucru bun că a plecat. — In a way it's a good thing that he left.
    Nu e în felul lui să fie neprietenos. — It's not in his nature to be unkind.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of fel
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) fel felul (niște) feluri felurile
genitive/dative (unui) fel felului (unor) feluri felurilor
vocative felule felurilor

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

See Norwegian feil and Danish fejl. Used in Swedish at least since 1527. For the adverb, the now obsolete form felt was the dominant written form until the mid 19th century.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel)

  1. wrong, incorrect, erroneous
    Fel svar ger inga poäng.
    A wrong answer gives no points.

DeclensionEdit

No inflected forms.

AntonymsEdit

AdverbEdit

fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel)

  1. wrong, wrongly, incorrectly, erroneously
    Hon svarade fel på hälften av frågorna.
    She answered wrong on half of the questions.
    Planen slog fel.
    The plan failed.
    Det gick fel
    It went wrong

See alsoEdit

NounEdit

fel n

  1. mistake
    Jag erkänner, jag gjorde fel.
    I admit, I made a mistake.
    Han har fel.
    He is wrong.
  2. error, fault, deviation (from the correct or normal)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of fel 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative fel felet fel felen
Genitive fels felets fels felens

Derived termsEdit

This list includes words based on the adverb (felcitera (“to cite erroneously”)) as well as the noun (felsöka (“to search for errors”)).

ReferencesEdit

VolapükEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

fel (nominative plural fels)

  1. field (general)

DeclensionEdit

declension of fel
singular plural
nominative fel fels
genitive fela felas
dative fele feles
accusative feli felis
vocative 1 o fel! o fels!
predicative 2 felu felus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

WelshEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with Breton evel, Cornish avel, Irish samhail, Latin similis. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).[1]

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

fel

  1. as, like

Related termsEdit

AdverbEdit

fel

  1. (colloquial) (South Wales) how
    Fel ŷch chi'n ca'l ych nabod? ― How are you known?

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “fel”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  2. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 51 vi

WestrobothnianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse *fél, from Proto-Germanic *finhlō (“file”).

NounEdit

fel f (definite singular fela)

  1. rasp, file

VerbEdit

fêl

  1. to rasp, to file
    ja skull a hatt feld opp såga
    I should have filed the saw.
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