verus

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *wēros, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros, from *weh₁- (“true”). See also Old English wǣr (“true, correct”), Dutch waar (“true”), German wahr (“true”), Icelandic alvöru (“earnest”), Proto-Slavic *vě̀ra (“faith/belief”).

Alternative forms

• bērus (Late Latin, misspelling)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈweː.rʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈvɛː.rus]

Adjective

vērus (feminine vēra, neuter vērum, comparative vērior, superlative vērissimus, adverb vērē or vērō); first/second-declension adjective

1. true, real, actual (conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct)
2. true, genuine (not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated)
3. proper, suitable (acceptable to or fitting for the purpose or circumstances)
4. right, just (complying with justice, correctness or reason)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	vērus	vēra	vērum		vērī	vērae	vēra
genitive	vērī	vērae	vērī		vērōrum	vērārum	vērōrum
dative	vērō	vērae	vērō		vērīs
accusative	vērum	vēram	vērum		vērōs	vērās	vēra
ablative	vērō	vērā	vērō		vērīs
vocative	vēre	vēra	vērum		vērī	vērae	vēra

Derived terms

• advērō
• vērāx
• vērē
• vēridicus
• vērificō
• vērisimilis
• vēritās
• vērō
• vērum

Related terms

• vērācitās
• vērāciter
• vērificābilis
• vērificātiō
• vērisimiliter
• vērīsimilitūdō
• vēritābilis
• vērumtamen

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: beru, veru
• Balkan Romance:
  • ⇒ Romanian: adevăr
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Italian: vero
  • Neapolitan: vero
  • Sicilian: veru
  • Venetan: vero
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: vêr
  • Romansch: vair
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Piedmontese: vei, vai, veir
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: vêr

    Valdôtain: vèir

  • Old French: ver, veir, voir
    • Poitevin-Saintongeais: vau
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: ver
  • Old Occitan: ver
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: veru
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: vero
    • ⇒ Galician: veriño (“oak”)
  • Old Spanish: vero
    • ⇒ Spanish: de veras
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cōnsobrīnus vērus (literally “true cousin”)
  • Aromanian: cusurin-ver ⇒ ver, veru
  • ⇒ Istro-Romanian: ver
  • ⇒ Romanian: văr
• Via the neuter plural vēra:
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Emilian: veira, vera, vaira
    • Ligurian: vêia, viêra
    • Lombard: vera, vira, era
  • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • Franco-Provençal: vèira (Valdôtain)
    • Old French: voire, veire
      • French: voire (“truly”)
• Borrowings:
  • → Esperanto: vero
  • → Ido: vera
  • → Interlingua: ver
  • → Volapük: ver

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈwɛ.ruːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈvɛː.rus]

Noun

verūs

1. genitive singular of verū̆

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “vērus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 14: U–Z, page 331

Further reading

• “verus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “verus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• verus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) at the beginning of spring: ineunte, primo vere
    
  • (ambiguous) my dream is coming true: somnium verum evādit (Div. 2. 53. 108)
    
  • (ambiguous) to speak the truth, admit the truth: verum dicere, profiteri
    
  • (ambiguous) to be averse to truth: a vero aversum esse (Catil. 3. 1. 29)
    
  • (ambiguous) love of truth: veri videndi, investigandi cupiditas
    
  • (ambiguous) zealous pursuit of truth: veri inquisitio atque investigatio
    
  • (ambiguous) to be led away from the truth: a vero abduci
    
  • (ambiguous) to be very near the truth: proxime ad verum accedere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be probable: a vero non abhorrere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be probable: veri simile esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to distinguish true and false: vera et falsa (a falsis) diiudicare
    
  • (ambiguous) to confuse true with false: vera cum falsis confundere
    
  • (ambiguous) in truth; really: re (vera), reapse (opp. specie)
    
  • (ambiguous) to make a copy true to nature: aliquid ad verum exprimere
    
  • (ambiguous) but to return from the digression we have been making: verum ut ad id, unde digressa est oratio, revertamur
    
  • (ambiguous) nominally; really: verbo, nomine; re, re quidem vera
    
  • (ambiguous) to tell lies: falsa (pro veris) dicere
    
  • (ambiguous) a man who genuinely wishes the people's good: homo vere popularis (Catil. 4. 5. 9)
    
  • (ambiguous) without wishing to boast, yet..: quod vere praedicare possum
    
  • (ambiguous) to put it exactly: si quaeris, si verum quaerimus
    
• “verus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “vērus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 14: U–Z, page 329
• “verus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray