ب
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Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب / ب / ب / ب • (bāʔ)
- The second letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is بَاء (bāʔ) and it has the sound of English b. It is preceded by أ (ʔ) and followed by ت (t).
See also edit
Symbol edit
ب / ب / ب / ب • (bāʔ)
- The second letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by أ (ʔ) and followed by ج (j).
Noun edit
ب • (b)
- Abbreviation of باب (bāb, “chapter”).
Etymology 2 edit
Ultimately Proto-Semitic *bV- (“with, in, at, among”) with likely interrelation with Proto-Semitic *bayt- (“site, location; nest, house”); cognates with Ugaritic 𐎁 (b), Aramaic ב־, Classical Syriac ܒ-, Hebrew בְּ־ (bə-), Ge'ez በ (bä) and Egyptian bw.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
بِـ • (bi-)
- denotes an instrument or tool, with, by (a means)
- طَرَقْتُ الْمِسْمَارَ بِمِطْرَقَةٍ
- ṭaraqtu l-mismāra bi-miṭraqatin
- I hit the nail with a hammer
- رَماهُم بِٱلْحِجَارَةِ
- ramāhum bi-l-ḥijārati
- He pelted them with stones.
- denotes the agent of unaccusative forms
- هُوَ يَتَقَوَّى بِهِ
- huwa yataqawwā bihi
- He is strengthened by it
- Coordinate term: (post-Classical) بِوَاسِطَة (biwāsiṭa, denotes the agent of passive forms)
- denotes accompaniment
- Coordinate term: مَعَ (maʕa)
- denotes proximity, with, to, next to, at (touching on, connected with, concerning)
- مَرْبُوطٌ بِشَجَرَةٍ ― marbūṭun bi-šajaratin ― tied to a tree
- لَا عَلاقةَ لَهُ بِٱلْمَوْضُوعِ ― lā ʕalāqata lahu bi-l-mawḍūʕi ― unrelated to the subject
- denotes inclusion, surrounding, or location, within (a place); in; on; at
- بِٱلْأَرْضِ ― bi-l-ʔarḍi ― on the earth/in or inside the ground
- بِٱلقَرْيةِ ― bi-l-qaryati ― in the village
- بِٱلْمَكْتَبَةِ ― bi-l-maktabati ― at the library
- بِٱلْمَكْتَبِ ― bi-l-maktabi ― at the office/in the desk
- Synonym: فِي (fī)
- denotes requital, giving or doing in return; for
- اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ بِأَلْفِ رِيَالٍ.
- ištaraytuhu bi-ʔalfi riyālin.
- I bought it for a thousand riyals.
- marks the predicate of a negative copula
- هُوَ لَيْسَ بِشَاهِدٍ وَلَا بِقَارِئٍ.
- huwa laysa bi-šāhidin wa-lā bi-qāriʔin.
- He is not one who witnessed [it] or read [it].
Inflection edit
Inflected forms | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | بِـ (bi-) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
First person | بِي (bī) | بِنَا (binā) | |||
Second person | بِكَ (bika) | بِكِ (biki) | بِكُمَا (bikumā) | بِكُمْ (bikum) | بِكُنَّ (bikunna) |
Third person | بِهِ (bihi) | بِهَا (bihā) | بِهِمَا (bihimā) | بِهِمْ (bihim) | بِهِنَّ (bihinna) |
Derived terms edit
Balti edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب (transliteration needed)
- The second letter of the Balti alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script
Burushaski edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب (transliteration needed)
- The fourth letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script
Central Kurdish edit
Letter edit
ب / ب / ب / ب (bā)
- The second letter of the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet. Its name is با (ba) and it has the sound of English b. It is preceded by ا (a) and followed by پ (pi). Equivalent to b in the Kurdo-Latin alphabet.
See also edit
Chinese edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب
- The second letter of the Xiao'erjing abjad.
Egyptian Arabic edit
Etymology edit
From the Ottoman Turkish convention.
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب • (be)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
See also edit
پ (be be-talat noʔaṭ)
Gujarati edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب • (be)
Forms edit
Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also edit
Hijazi Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب • (bāʔ)
- The second letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is بَاء (bāʔ), and is preceded by أ (ʔalif) and followed by ت (tāʔ).
Forms edit
Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also edit
- پ (pāʔ)
Etymology 2 edit
Probably from a shortened form of Arabic بَغْيْ (baḡy, “to want”).
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
بِـ • (bi)
- -ing (prefix indicating the present continuous tense)
- بِيِتْكَلَّم
- biyitkallam
- he is speaking
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
بِـ • (bi)
Kashmiri edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب • (b)
- The second letter of the traditional alphabet chart of Kashmiri.
Forms edit
Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also edit
Kazakh edit
Alternative scripts | |
---|---|
Arabic | ب |
Cyrillic | Б, б |
Latin | B, b |
Yañalif | B, ʙ |
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب • (b)
Forms edit
Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also edit
Khowar edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب (be)
- The second letter of the Khowar abjad.
Forms edit
Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also edit
Kyrgyz edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب • (be)
Forms edit
Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also edit
Malay edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Name of letter) IPA(key): [bɐ]
- (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA(key): [b]
- (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA(key): [p̚]
Letter edit
ب / ب / ب / ب
- The second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.
See also edit
Northern Kurdish edit
Preposition edit
ب (bi)
- Arabic spelling of bi (“by”)
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic and Persian.
Letter edit
ب • (be)
- The second letter of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Its name is با (ba, be).
Preposition edit
ب • (be or bi)
References edit
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 229
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 313
Pashto edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب • (be)
- The second letter of the Pashto alphabet.
Forms edit
Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also edit
Persian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (phoneme, all dialects) IPA(key): /b/
- (Early Classical Persian, after a vowel) IPA(key): [β]
- (Early Classical Persian, between vowels) IPA(key): [β], [w]
- The phonemes /b/ and /w/ were not strongly distinguished inter-vocally until late Classical Persian.
- (Letter name)
Letter edit
ب / ب / ب / ب • (be)
- The second letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ا and followed by پ. Its name is به (be) or بِ (be).
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Persian [script needed] (bʾ /bē/, “out, away, forth”, also preverbal particle of unclear additional meanings), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe.[1]
In Classical Persian the prefix did not indicate the subjunctive, but had diverse and generally vague meanings depending on the context. The development into a subjunctive marker went hand in hand with the displacement of the simple present by the durative present in می (mi-). Thereby be- became more and more associated with the subjunctive position and was ultimately grammaticalised in this function. The use of simple present for the subjunctive is now literary, while its use for the indicative is archaic/poetic.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /bi-/, /bij-/
- (Dari)
Prefix edit
بـ • (be-)
- Marks the present subjunctive of most verbs.
- میخوام پانکراستو بخورم. ― mi-xâm pânkrâs-et-o bo-xoram. ― I want to eat your pancreas.
- 2020, “ماکرون: لوکاشنکو باید برود [Macron: Lukashenko must go]”, in Euronews Persian[4]:
- واضح است که لوکاشنکو باید برود.
- vâze ast ke lukâšenko bâyad be-ravad.
- It is clear that Lukashenko must go.
- Marks the imperative of most verbs.
- این را ببین. ― in-râ be-bin. ― Look at this.
- راحت بخواب. ― râhat be-xâb. ― Sleep well.
- (archaic) Adds an emphatic sense to a verb in the simple past.
Usage notes edit
Unlike the other verbal prefix می (mi-), the negative prefix نـ (na-) replaces بـ (be-) rather than attaching to it:
- بگو (be-gu, “say!”) > نگو (na-gu, “don't say!”)
The prefix is not used with most compound verbs whose verbal element is کردن (kardan) or شدن (šodan); in these cases, the imperative or subjunctive is marked by the bare present stem. In literary language, it may be also omitted for other verbs.
The verbs بودن (budan, “to be”) and داشتن (dâštan, “to have”) are irregular: the imperative and subjunctive of the former uses the stem باش (bâš) without بـ (be-), and the latter uses the past participle داشته (dâšte) in conjunction with بودن (budan), e.g. داشته باش (dâšte bâš, “have!”)
References edit
Sindhi edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب • (be)
- The second letter of the Sindhi abjad.
Forms edit
Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also edit
South Levantine Arabic edit
Picture dictionary | |
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Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
بـ • (bi-)
Particle edit
بـ • (b-)
- prefix indicating the present tense
Tunisian Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Preposition edit
ب (b)
- with
- نحب قهوة بالحليب ― nḥib qahwa b-li-ḥlīb ― I like coffee with milk
- ترعش بالخوف ― turʕuš bi-l-ḵūf ― She is shaking with fear
Inflection edit
inflected forms of ب | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | ب (b) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | بي (biyya) | بينا (bīna) | |||
2nd person | بيك (bīk) | بيكم (bīkum) | |||
3rd person | بيه (bīh) | بيها (bīha) | بيهم (bīhum) |
Urdu edit
Pronunciation edit
- (letter name): (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /beː/
- (phoneme): (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /b/
Letter edit
ب • (be)
- The second letter of the Urdu abjad.
Forms edit
Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also edit
Uyghur edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب • (be)
- The third letter of the Uyghur alphabet.
Forms edit
Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also edit
Yoruba edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ب (b)
Forms edit
Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |