Wiktionary

具足

Chinese edit

 
tool; device; utensil
tool; device; utensil; equipment; instrument
 foot; to be sufficient
simp. and trad.
(具足) 		具 足

Etymology edit

"accomplished; etc."
Attested in early Chinese Buddhist literature such as the Dīrghāgama, possibly a semantic loan from Prakrit, e.g. Gandhari 𐨯𐨨𐨗𐨡𐨁 (samajadi, “to fall to”) as attested in the Khotan Dhammapada; in turn from Sanskrit संपद्यते (saṃpadyate), from सं- (saṃ-, “together; fully”) + √पद् (√pad, “to go”); cognate with Pali sampajjati (past passive participle sampanna) and Tocharian B phalasaṃpat (“prosperity”). The loan translation is notable for its precision in both the meaning and component-wise literal correspondence, as पद् (pad) derives from the PIE *pṓds (“foot”), in Chinese 足 (“foot”), while the character can also mean "full; adequate; sufficient; ready", etc.

Pronunciation edit

Rime
Character 具 足 足
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 群 (30) 精 (13) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 虞 (24) 虞 (24) 鍾 (8)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed Open
Division (等) III III III
Fanqie 其遇切 子句切 即玉切
Baxter gjuH tsjuH tsjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨoH/ /t͡sɨoH/ /t͡sɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡioH/ /t͡sioH/ /t͡siok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡioH/ /t͡sioH/ /t͡siok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/guə̆H/ /t͡suə̆H/ /t͡suawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɡioH/ /t͡sioH/ /t͡siok̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭuH/ /t͡sĭuH/ /t͡sĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯uH/ /t͡si̯uH/ /t͡si̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jù jù zu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		geoi6 zeoi3 zuk1

Adjective edit

具足

  1. (literary) adequate; sufficient; abundant
  2. (Buddhism) accomplished; complete; successful

Synonyms edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (具足):
  • → Japanese: 具(ぐ)足(そく) (gusoku)
  • → Korean: 구족(具足) (gujok)

Verb edit

具足

  1. (literary) to possess; to be equipped with; to have

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Japanese edit

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
具 足
ぐ
Grade: 3 		そく
Grade: 1
goon

From Old Japanese 具足 (gusoku). First cited to a portion of the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) dated to 722.[1]

In turn, borrowed from Middle Chinese compound 具足 (MC gjuH tsjowk, “to suffice; sufficient”, literally “provide, furnish + enough, abundant”), in evidence since at least the Lunheng of the first century CE.

Within Japanese, also analyzable as a compound of 具 (gu, “gear, equipment, furnishings”) + 足 (soku, “adding, making adequate”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

具(ぐ)足(そく) • (gusoku) 

  1. [from 722] the state of being fully equipped, furnished, or in order
  2. [from 1120] possession, having something in hand, bringing something
    Synonyms: 所有 (shoyū), 携持 (keiji)
  3. [from 1120] (archaic) a retainer, a servant, an attendant of a household
    Synonyms: 家来 (kerai), 従者 (jūsha)
  4. [from early 1200s] accompaniment, the act of going with someone; a companion
    Synonym: 伴い (tomonai)
  5. [from early 1200s] a soldier's equipment: weapons, arms, armor
    Synonyms: (armor as a full set, including helmets, gauntlets, etc.) 甲冑 (katchū, literally “armor + helmet”), 武具 (bugu, “arms and armor”)
  6. [from 1221] equipment, gear, furnishings, furniture, supplies, effects
    Synonyms: 道具 (dōgu, “equipment, gear, tool”), 調度 (chōdo, “furnishing, furniture, supplies”), 所持品 (shojihin, “property, effects”)
  7. [from 1275] the act of putting something together with something else, adding something, appending something; the thing itself, such as a side dish or appendage
    Synonym: 添え物 (soemono)
  8. [from 1349] (poetry) the subject matter alluded to by a 連歌 (renga, “linked poem”)
    Synonym: 素材 (sozai, “subject matter”, in general)
  9. [from 1353] (archaic) construction materials, building materials
    Synonym: 建材 (kenzai)
  10. [from late 1300s] (archaic) marriage, the act of being together as man and wife; one's spouse
    Synonyms: 連れ添い (tsuresoi, “marriage; spouse”), 夫婦 (fūfu, “husband and wife, married couple”), 配偶者 (haigūsha, “spouse”)
  11. [from late 1600s] (more specifically) body armor (excluding helmets, gauntlets, etc.)
    Synonym: 鎧 (yoroi)
  12. [from 1079] (Buddhism) short for 具足戒 (gusoku kai, “a precept or commandment that must be followed by monastics”)
  13. [from 1504] short for 具足武者 (gusoku musha, “an armored warrior, an armored soldier”)

Verb edit

具(ぐ)足(そく)する • (gusoku suru) suru (stem 具(ぐ)足(そく)し (gusoku shi), past 具(ぐ)足(そく)した (gusoku shita))

  1. [from 722] to fully equip or furnish something, to put something in order
  2. [from 1120] to possess something, to have something in hand, to bring something
    Synonyms: 所有 (shoyū), 携持 (keiji), 携え持つ (tazusaemotsu)
  3. [from early 1200s] to accompany, to go with someone
    Synonyms: 伴う (tomonau), 引き連れる (hikitsureru)
  4. [from 1275] to put something together with something else, add something, append something
    Synonym: 添える (soeru)
  5. [from late 1300s] (archaic) to marry, to be together as man and wife
    Synonym: 連れ添う (tsuresou)

Inflection edit

Conjugation of "具足する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 具足し ぐそくし gusoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 具足し ぐそくし gusoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 具足する ぐそくする gusoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 具足する ぐそくする gusoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 具足すれ ぐそくすれ gusoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 具足せよ¹
具足しろ² 		ぐそくせよ¹
ぐそくしろ² 		gusoku seyo¹
gusoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 具足される ぐそくされる gusoku sareru
Causative 具足させる
具足さす 		ぐそくさせる
ぐそくさす 		gusoku saseru
gusoku sasu
Potential 具足できる ぐそくできる gusoku dekiru
Volitional 具足しよう ぐそくしよう gusoku shiyō
Negative 具足しない ぐそくしない gusoku shinai
Negative continuative 具足せず ぐそくせず gusoku sezu
Formal 具足します ぐそくします gusoku shimasu
Perfective 具足した ぐそくした gusoku shita
Conjunctive 具足して ぐそくして gusoku shite
Hypothetical conditional 具足すれば ぐそくすれば gusoku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

See also edit

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

References edit

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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