思念

Chinese

		to think; to consider	to miss; to think of; to read to miss; to think of; to read; to study (a subject); to attend (a school); to read aloud; idea; remembrance; twenty
trad. (思念)		思	念
simp. #(思念)		思	念

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sīniàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄙ ㄋㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si¹ nim⁶

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂-ngiam
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): su-liām / sir-liām

  (Teochew, Peng'im): se¹ niam⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sīniàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄙ ㄋㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sihniàn
    • Wade–Giles: ssŭ¹-nien⁴
    • Yale: sz̄-nyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syniann
    • Palladius: сынянь (synjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 思念 私念

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: si¹ nim⁶
    • Yale: sī nihm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si¹ nim⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi¹ nim⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵ niːm²²/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 思念 私念

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂-ngiam
    • Hakka Romanization System: sii´ ngiam
    • Hagfa Pinyim: si¹ ngiam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯am⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su-liām
    • Tâi-lô: su-liām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suliam
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ liam³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su⁴⁴⁻²² liam²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir-liām
    • Tâi-lô: sir-liām
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³ liam⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: se¹ niam⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ niăm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯ³³⁻²³ niam³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: si nemH

Rime
Character	思	念
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	息兹切	奴店切
Baxter	si	nemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨ/	/nemH/
Pan Wuyun	/sɨ/	/nemH/
Shao Rongfen	/sie/	/nɛmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɨ/	/nɛmH/
Li Rong	/siə/	/nemH/
Wang Li	/sĭə/	/niemH/
Bernard Karlgren	/si/	/niemH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sī	niàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si1	nim6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ə  nˤim-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*snɯ  nɯːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	思	念
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sī	niàn
Middle Chinese	‹ si ›	‹ nemH ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ə/	/*nˁim-s/
English	think	think of
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	思	念
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	13835	6588
Phonetic component	囟	今
Rime group	之	侵
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	思	念
Old Chinese	/*snɯ/	/*nɯːms/
Notes		或以心含會意

Verb

思念

1. to miss, think of, yearn for, reminisce

   • 深深的一段情　教我思念到如今 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad. and simp.]

     From: 1973, performed by Chen Fen-lan, lyrics by Sun Yi, music by Weng Ching-Hsi, “The Moon Represents My Heart”

     shēnshēn dì yīduàn qíng, jiào wǒ sīniàn dào rújīn [Pinyin]

     A period of deep love makes me think of the present.

Synonyms

• 念想 (niànxiǎng)
• 思 (literary, or in compounds)
• 思慕 (sīmù)
• 思量 (sīliáng) (literary)
• 想念 (xiǎngniàn)
• 感想 (gǎnxiǎng) (literary)
• 懷／怀 (huái) (literary)
• 懷念／怀念 (huáiniàn)
• 懷想／怀想 (huáixiǎng)
• 相思 (xiāngsī)
• 眷念 (juànniàn) (formal)
• 眷戀／眷恋 (juànliàn) (formal)

 

Dialectal synonyms of 想念 (“to miss; to think of; to yearn for”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		想念, 思念, 掛念, 惦念, 懷念
Mandarin	Taiwan	想念, 想
	Singapore	想念, 想
Cantonese	Guangzhou	掛住, 掛望
	Hong Kong	掛住
	Singapore (Guangfu)	掛住
Southern Min	Xiamen	數念, 心念
	Quanzhou	數念, 心念
	Zhangzhou	數念, 心念
	Tainan	想, 數念, 思念
	Penang (Hokkien)	數念
	Singapore (Hokkien)	數念
	Manila (Hokkien)	數念
	Wenchang	想念
Wu	Shanghai	想, 牽記, 想念 somewhat literary
	Suzhou	牽記
	Ningbo	忖
	Jinhua	想, 忖

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (思念):

• → Japanese: 思(し)念(ねん) (shinen)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
思	念
し Grade: 2	ねん Grade: 4
on’yomi	goon

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 思念 (MC si nemH).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) し​ねん [shíꜜnèǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕinẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

思(し)念(ねん) • (shinen) 

1. a thought, reminiscence

Verb

思(し)念(ねん)する • (shinen suru) suru (stem 思(し)念(ねん)し (shinen shi), past 思(し)念(ねん)した (shinen shita))

1. to think, reminisce

Conjugation

Conjugation of "思念する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	思念し	しねんし	shinen shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	思念し	しねんし	shinen shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	思念する	しねんする	shinen suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	思念する	しねんする	shinen suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	思念すれ	しねんすれ	shinen sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	思念せよ¹ 思念しろ²	しねんせよ¹ しねんしろ²	shinen seyo¹ shinen shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	思念される	しねんされる	shinen sareru
Causative	思念させる 思念さす	しねんさせる しねんさす	shinen saseru shinen sasu
Potential	思念できる	しねんできる	shinen dekiru
Volitional	思念しよう	しねんしよう	shinen shiyō
Negative	思念しない	しねんしない	shinen shinai
Negative continuative	思念せず	しねんせず	shinen sezu
Formal	思念します	しねんします	shinen shimasu
Perfective	思念した	しねんした	shinen shita
Conjunctive	思念して	しねんして	shinen shite
Hypothetical conditional	思念すれば	しねんすれば	shinen sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

See also

• 思(おぼ)し念(ねん)ず (oboshinenzu)
• 思(おも)い念(ねん)ず (omoinenzu)
• 想(そう)念(ねん) (sōnen)