濊

Translingual edit

Han character edit

濊 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水卜一竹 (EYMH), four-corner 3115₃, composition ⿰氵歲)

vast, expansive, deep
dirty

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 654, character 33
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18454
Dae Jaweon: page 1065, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1754, character 15
Unihan data for U+6FCA

Chinese edit

trad.		濊
simp.		𰛦
alternative forms		𣿄

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (歲) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
噦	qʰʷaːds, qʷrad, *qʷad
翽	*qʰʷaːds
鐬	*qʰʷaːds
濊	qʰʷaːds, qʷaːds, qʷads, qʰʷaːd
歲	sqʰʷads, sqʰʷad
劌	*kʷrads
顪	*qʰʷads
穢	*qʷads
薉	*qʷads
獩	*qʷads
饖	*qʷads
奯	*qʰʷaːd

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huì (hui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huì
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
  - Wade–Giles: hui⁴
  - Yale: hwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
  - Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: xwajH, 'wajH

Rime
Character	濊	濊
Reading #	1/4	2/4
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	泰 (26)	泰 (26)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	呼會切	烏外切
Baxter	xwajH	'wajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huɑi^H/	/ʔuɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷɑi^H/	/ʔʷɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɑi^H/	/ʔuɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwaj^H/	/ʔwaj^H/
Li Rong	/xuɑi^H/	/ʔuɑi^H/
Wang Li	/xuɑi^H/	/uɑi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuɑi^H/	/ʔuɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huì	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fui³	wui³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷaːds/, /*qʷaːds/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濊	濊
Reading #	1/4	2/4
No.	12163	12164
Phonetic component	歲	歲
Rime group	祭	祭
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	𧬨	懀
Old Chinese	/*qʰʷaːds/	/*qʷaːds/

Definitions edit

濊

(literary, of water) vast; expansive
(literary, of water) deep
(literary) Alternative form of 穢／秽 (“dirty; filthy”)

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wèi (wei⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wai³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
  - Wade–Giles: wei⁴
  - Yale: wèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
  - Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wai³
  - Yale: wai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: wei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐi̯³³/

Middle Chinese: 'jwojH

Rime
Character	濊
Reading #	3/4
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	廢 (28)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於廢切
Baxter	'jwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuaj^H/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐi^H/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʷads/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濊
Reading #	3/4
No.	12170
Phonetic component	歲
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	穢
Old Chinese	/*qʷads/

Definitions edit

濊

(historical) An ancient place and nation.

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huò (huo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kut³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huò
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huò
  - Wade–Giles: huo⁴
  - Yale: hwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
  - Palladius: хо (xo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kut³
  - Yale: kut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kut⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: kud³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuːt̚³/

Middle Chinese: xwat

Rime
Character	濊
Reading #	4/4
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	末 (64)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼括切
Baxter	xwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwat̚/
Li Rong	/xuɑt̚/
Wang Li	/xuɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fut³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˤat/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷaːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	濊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huò
Middle Chinese	‹ xwat ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷʰˁat/
English	sound of water
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濊
Reading #	4/4
No.	12174
Phonetic component	歲
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	豁
Old Chinese	/*qʰʷaːd/

Definitions edit

濊

Only used in 濊濊／𰛦𰛦 (huòhuò, “sound of fishing net hitting water”).

Compounds edit

汪濊／汪𰛦
濊濊／𰛦𰛦 (huòhuò)
濊貊／𰛦貊 (Wèimò)

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

濊

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

vast, expansive, deep
dirty

Readings edit

On (unclassified): かい (kai); け (ke); さい (sai); せ (se); わい (wai)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

濊 (eum 예 (ye))

A proto-Korean ethnicity who founded Buyeo, Okjeo and Dongye. Commonly grouped with the Maek ethnicity in a collective term, Yemaek.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

濊: Hán Nôm readings: khoát, uế

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.