See also: and
U+70CF, 烏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-70CF

[U+70CE]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+70D0]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

 
raven and crow

(Kangxi radical 86, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹口卜火 (HRYF), four-corner 27327, composition 丿⿹⿺)

Derived characters edit

Related characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 670, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18998
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1079, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2202, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+70CF

Chinese edit

trad.
simp.
alternative forms 𠂶
𡖗
𡗃
𤚶
𥾪

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
   

Pictogram (象形) – a bird. Compare (“bird”), of similar development.

Etymology edit

“crow; black; dark”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (crow) (STEDT). Doublet of (OC *qraː, “crow; raven”), which retains the earlier vowel in Middle Chinese (*ʔˠa), and (OC *la, *las, “jackdaw”).
Schuessler (2007) considers it to be onomatopoeic, and compares it with Proto-Loloish *akᴸ (crow).
“Black; dark” is a semantic extension of “crow” – “black as a crow”. Compare (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”), which is cognate with (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).
“sun”
The Three-legged crow was thought to reside in the Sun.
interrogative pronoun
Related to the following interrogative pronouns with similar phonological shapes in Old Chinese (Wang, 1982), with differing suffixes:
  • (OC *qan, *qran, “how; where”)
  • (OC *qaː, “how”)
  • (OC *qaːn, “where; how; why”)

Pronunciation edit


Note: "wù" - only used in 烏拉乌拉 (wùla).
Note:
  • ou1 - vernacular;
  • u1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /u⁵⁵/
    Harbin /u⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /u²¹/
    Jinan /u²¹³/
    Qingdao /vu²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /u²⁴/
    Xi'an /u²¹/
    Xining /v̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /vu⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /vu³¹/
    Ürümqi /vu⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /u⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /u⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /u⁵⁵/
    Kunming /u⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /u³¹/
    Hefei /u²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /vu¹¹/
    Pingyao /u¹³/
    Hohhot /vu³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /u⁵³/
    Suzhou /əu⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ʔu³³/
    Wenzhou /v̠u³³/
    Hui Shexian /u³¹/
    Tunxi /u¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /u³³/
    Xiangtan /u³³/
    Gan Nanchang /u⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /vu⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /vu²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /wu⁵³/
    Nanning /wu⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /wu⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ɔ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /u⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /u⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /ou³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /u²³/
    /ɔu²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (34)
    Final () (23)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter 'u
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʔuo/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʔuo/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ʔo/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʔɔ/
    Li
    Rong
    /ʔo/
    Wang
    Li
    /u/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ʔuo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    wu1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ ʔu › ‹ ʔu › ‹ ʔu ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ʔ]ˁa/ /*qˁa/ /*ʔˁa/
    English oh! crow, raven; black 烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13077
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qaː/

    Definitions edit

    1. crow; raven; rook
    2. (obsolete, metonymically) sun
      兔走兔走  ―  tùzǒufēi  ―  time passes quickly (literally, “the rabbit [of the moon] runs and the crow [of the sun] flies”)
    3. (literary or in compounds or Hakka, Min) black; dark
        ―  yún  ―  dark cloud
      油油油油  ―  yóuyóu  ―  glossy black
      嘴唇嘴唇  ―  zuǐchún fā   ―  one's lips turn black
    4. (literary) to dye black
    5. (literary) An interrogative pronoun with a variety of meanings, including "how", "why", "where", etc.
    6. Short for 烏克蘭乌克兰 (Wūkèlán, “Ukraine”).
      戰爭战争  ―  É zhànzhēng  ―  Russia-Ukraine War
    7. a surname

    Synonyms edit

    See also edit

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    からす
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    からすカラス
    [noun] a crow or raven
    Alternative spelling
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term

    Jinmeiyō
    goon

    From Middle Chinese (MC 'u).

    The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

    Pronunciation edit

    Affix edit

    () (u

    1. crow; raven
    2. black; dark
    3. (figuratively) sun
    4. A Chinese interrogative for rhetorical questions.
      ()(ゆう)u(literally “not-have”) nonexistence; nothing
    Derived terms edit

    Kikai edit

    Kanji edit

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    Etymology edit

    Kanji in this term
    がらさー
    Jinmeiyō
    Kanji in this term
    がるさー
    Jinmeiyō
    Alternative spelling

    Cognate with Japanese (karasu).

    Noun edit

    (がらさー) or (がるさー) (garasā or garusā

    1. crow, raven

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    (o) (hangeul , revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)

    1. Hanja form? of (crow).

    Northern Amami-Oshima edit

    Kanji edit

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    Etymology edit

    Kanji in this term
    からすぃ
    Jinmeiyō
    Alternative spelling

    Cognate with Japanese (karasu).

    Noun edit

    (からすぃ) (karasï

    1. crow, raven

    Oki-No-Erabu edit

    Kanji edit

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    Etymology edit

    Kanji in this term
    がらし
    Jinmeiyō
    Alternative spelling

    Cognate with Japanese (karasu).

    Noun edit

    (がらし) (garashi

    1. crow, raven

    Okinawan edit

    Kanji edit

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    Etymology edit

    Kanji in this term
    がらし
    Jinmeiyō
    Alternative spelling

    Cognate with Japanese (karasu).

    Noun edit

    (がらし) (garashi

    1. crow, raven

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: ô

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Yonaguni edit

    Kanji edit

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    Etymology edit

    Kanji in this term
    がらち
    Jinmeiyō
    Alternative spelling

    Cognate with Japanese (karasu).

    Noun edit

    (がらち) (garachi

    1. crow, raven