예
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예옉옊옋옌옍옎 옏옐옑옒옓옔옕 옖옗옘옙옚옛옜 옝옞옟옠옡옢옣 | |
여 ← | → 오 |
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Early Modern Korean edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Korean 이ᅌᅦ (ìngèy).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
예 (yey)
- here
- Synonym: 여긔 (yeogui)
- after 1795, 李洙 (I Su) [Lee Soo] et al., chapter 111, in 重刊老乞大諺解 (Junggan Nogeoldae Eonhae)Ogura Coll. Asami Coll., volume 2:
Descendants edit
- Korean: 예 (ye)
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Korean 예〯 (Yěy), from Old Korean 倭理 (*YEri, “Japanese”). This is among the only native (non-Sino-Korean) Korean terms for ethnic groups that survive in the written record.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
예 (Yey) (occasional hanja form 穢)
Usage notes edit
Korean edit
Etymology 1 edit
Not attested in Middle Korean. Probably from the same source as 네 (ne), plausibly *녜 (*nye) (not directly attested).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
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Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yēy |
Interjection edit
예 • (ye)
- (formal) yes (affirms the truth of the question as stated)
- late 19th c., 열여춘향슈졀가 上 [Song of the Virtuous Girl Chunhyang Preserving her Chastity]:
- 통인아 예 져 건네 화류 즁의 오락가락 힛ᄯᅳᆨ힛ᄯᅳᆨ 얼는얼는 ᄒᆞ는 겨 무어신지 자셔이 보와라
- Tong'ina ye jeo geonne hwaryu jung-ui orakgarak hittteukhittteuk eolleuneolleun haneun gyeo mueosinji jasyeoi bowara
- "Hey, Tong-in!" "Yes, sir." "Go look carefully at what that thing over there, amid the flowers and willows, might be: the thing that is hurrying back and forth in flashes of white."
Usage notes edit
- Korean has a number of words for "yes". 예 (ye) is highly polite and formal (appropriate in an interview), 네 (ne) is polite but less formal (appropriate in a conversation with parents), and 응 (eung) and 어 (eo) are plain and non-formal (appropriate in a conversation with friends).
- As in the example above, Korean "yes" follows the polarity of the question, unlike in English. Hence saying "yes" to a negatively stated question means that the negative is true.
Derived terms edit
- 예예 (yeye)
Etymology 2 edit
Sino-Korean word from 例 (“example”), from the Middle Korean reading 례〯 (Yale: lyěy).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yēy |
Noun edit
South Korean Standard Language |
예(例) (ye) |
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North Korean Standard Language |
례(例) (rye) |
Usage notes edit
- This is often formatted as "예)" in textbooks and literature.
Derived terms edit
- See the hanja entry at 例 for Sino-Korean compounds of 예 (例, ye).
See also edit
- 본보기 (bonbogi, “good example, example for others”)
Etymology 3 edit
Sino-Korean word from 禮 (“ritual, etiquette”), from the Middle Korean reading 례〮 (Yale: lyéy), 녜 (Yale: nyey).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [예]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yey |
Noun edit
South Korean Standard Language |
예(禮) (ye) |
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North Korean Standard Language |
례(禮) (rye) |
- (especially Confucianism) decorum, ceremonial (code of decorous behavior that all people ought to follow)
Derived terms edit
- See the hanja entry at 禮 for Sino-Korean compounds of 예 (禮, ye).
Etymology 4 edit
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 녜〯 (Yale: nyěy).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yēy |
Noun edit
예 • (ye)
- (in idiomatic expressions) ancient times, antiquity, old times
- Synonym: (much more common) 옛날 (yennal)
Usage notes edit
- Now used primarily in the following expressions:
Related terms edit
- 옛 (yet, “old”)
Etymology 5 edit
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 이ᅌᅦ (Yale: ìngèy), equivalent to a contraction of modern 여기 (yeogi, “here”).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [예]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yey |
Pronoun edit
예 • (ye)
Etymology 6 edit
Sino-Korean word from 濊.
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [예]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yey |
Proper noun edit
- an ancient tribe living in Korea in the early first millennium
- Hypernym: 예맥(濊貊) (yemaek)
Derived terms edit
- See the hanja entry at 濊 for Sino-Korean compounds of 예 (濊, ye).
Etymology 7 edit
Sino-Korean word from 羿.
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [예]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yey |
Proper noun edit
Derived terms edit
- See the hanja entry at 羿 for Sino-Korean compounds of 예 (羿, ye).
Etymology 8 edit
Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from the Middle Korean reading 예 (Yale: yey).
Syllable edit
예 (ye)
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Etymology 9 edit
South Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound, and also the reading in most dialects in 1945, excluding Pyongan and Yukjin, where they are pronounced in this position as 네 (ne) in Pyongan or as 녜 (nye) in Yukjin.
From Middle Korean 례 (Yale: lyey). When preceded by another character in a compound, they retain the original 례 (rye) form.
In the North Korean standard, they are always read as 례 (rye), but this is an artificial imposition intended to standardize Sino-Korean readings, which did not reflect any major dialect's pronunciation in 1945.
Syllable edit
예 (ye)
Extended content |
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Middle Korean edit
Etymology edit
From Old Korean 倭理 (*YEri, “Japanese”), today replaced by Sino-Korean terms in all modern dialects.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
예〯 (Yěy)
- the Japanese
- 1447, “Stanza 52”, in 龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가 [Yongbi eocheon'ga]:
- 請으〮로〮 온 예〯와〮 싸호〮샤〮 투〮구〮 아니〮 밧기〮시면〮 나랏〮 小民을〮 사ᄅᆞ시〮리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮
- CHYENG-úlwó wòn Yěy-Gwoá ssàhwósyá thwúkwú àní pàskísìmyén nàlá-s SYWO.MIN-úl sàlòsílíngìská
- If [he] had not been called to combat the hundreds of Japanese and not removed the helmet [of the Japanese general], would he have saved the poor people [of Korea]?
Descendants edit
- Early Modern Korean: 예 (Yey, “Japanese”)
See also edit
- 되〯 (twǒy, “Jurchen”)