atom
English edit
Alternative forms edit
- atomus (obsolete)
Etymology edit
From Middle English attome, from Middle French athome, from Latin atomus (“smallest particle”), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”). Atoms are so named because historically the notion was that they were indivisible, given that chemically they are indeed so; the splitting of atoms awaited a later era of science and technology, and nonchemical means.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈætəm/
- (General American) IPA(key): [ˈæɾm̩], [ˈæɾəm]
Audio (GA) (file) Audio (AU) (file) - Rhymes: -ætəm
- Homophone: Adam (in dialects with flapping)
- Hyphenation: at‧om
Noun edit
atom (plural atoms)
- (chemistry, physics) The smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. [from 16th c.]
- 2013 September–October, Katie L. Burke, “In the news: Photosynthesis precursor”, in American Scientist[1], archived from the original on 13 April 2016:
- Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis: the ability to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy. The evolutionary precursor of photosynthesis is still under debate, and a new study sheds light. The critical component of the photosynthetic system is the water-oxidizing complex, made up of manganese atoms and a calcium atom.
- (history of science) A hypothetical particle posited by Greek philosophers as an ultimate and indivisible component of matter. [from 15th c.]
- (now generally regarded figuratively) The smallest, indivisible constituent part or unit of something. [from 17th c.]
- 1835, John Ross, James Clark Ross, “Chapter XXXIV. Labour in Cutting through the Ice—Become Fixed for the Winter—Summary of the Month.”, in Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-west Passage, and of a Residence in the Arctic Regions, during the Years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833; by Sir John Ross, C.B., K.S.A., K.C.S., &c. &c. Captain in the Royal Navy. Including the Reports of Commander (now Captain) J. C. Ross, R.N., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. and the Discovery of the Northern Magnetic Pole, Philadelphia, Pa.: E. A. Carey & A. Hart; Baltimore, Md.: Carey, Hart & Co., →OCLC, pages 283–284:
- Towards the following morning, the thermometer fell to 5°; and at daylight, there was not an atom of water to be seen in any direction.
- 1863, Charles Reade, Hard Cash[2]:
- But at this critical moment the pirate astern sent a mischievous shot and knocked one of the men to atoms at the helm.
- (philosophy) In logical atomism, a fundamental fact that cannot be further broken down.
- (historical) The smallest medieval unit of time, equal to fifteen ninety-fourths of a second. [from 10th c.]
- A mote of dust in a sunbeam. [from 16th c.]
- A very small amount; a whit. [from 17th c.]
- 1873, “Pansy” [pseudonym; Isabella Macdonald Alden], “A Double Crisis”, in Three People, Cincinnati, Oh.: Western Tract and Book Society, 176 Elm Street, →OCLC, page 325:
- "Doctor, tell me one word more," said Theodore, quivering with suppressed emotion. "How do you think it will end?" / "I have hardly the faintest atom of hope," answered this honest, earnest man.
- 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter I, in Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC, page 8:
- We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty.
- (computing, programming, Lisp) An individual number or symbol, as opposed to a list; a scalar value. [from 20th c.]
- (mathematics) A non-zero member of a partially ordered set that has only zero below it (assuming that the poset has a least element, its "zero"). [from 20th c.]
- Antonym: coatom
- In a Venn diagram, an atom is depicted as an area circumscribed by lines but not cut by any line.
- (mathematics, set theory) An element of a set that is not itself a set; an urelement. [from 20th c.]
- (Canada, usually attributive) An age group division in hockey for nine- to eleven-year-olds.
Synonyms edit
- See also Thesaurus:atom
- (small amount): see also Thesaurus:modicum.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Swahili: atomi
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also edit
Further reading edit
Anagrams edit
Albanian edit
Noun edit
atom m (definite atomi)
Further reading edit
Breton edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
atom m (collective, plural atomennoù, singulative atomenn)
Derived terms edit
Crimean Tatar edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
atom
Declension edit
References edit
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
atom m inan
Declension edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Via German Atom n and Latin atomus f from Ancient Greek ἄτομοι (φύσεις) f (átomoi (phúseis)), ἄτομα (σώματα) n (átoma (sṓmata), “indivisible particles of matter”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
atom n (singular definite atomet, plural indefinite atomer)
Declension edit
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
From English atom, from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
atom (plural atomok)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | atom | atomok |
accusative | atomot | atomokat |
dative | atomnak | atomoknak |
instrumental | atommal | atomokkal |
causal-final | atomért | atomokért |
translative | atommá | atomokká |
terminative | atomig | atomokig |
essive-formal | atomként | atomokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | atomban | atomokban |
superessive | atomon | atomokon |
adessive | atomnál | atomoknál |
illative | atomba | atomokba |
sublative | atomra | atomokra |
allative | atomhoz | atomokhoz |
elative | atomból | atomokból |
delative | atomról | atomokról |
ablative | atomtól | atomoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
atomé | atomoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
atoméi | atomokéi |
Possessive forms of atom | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | atomom | atomjaim |
2nd person sing. | atomod | atomjaid |
3rd person sing. | atomja | atomjai |
1st person plural | atomunk | atomjaink |
2nd person plural | atomotok | atomjaitok |
3rd person plural | atomjuk | atomjaik |
Derived terms edit
- atomarzenál
- atomágyú
- atombomba
- atomburok
- atomcsend
- atomcsoport
- atomegyezmény
- atomelmélet
- atomenergia
- atomerőmű
- atomfegyver
- atomfizika
- atomfizikus
- atomhajtású
- atomhatalom
- atomháború
- atommag
- atommodell
- atomóra
- atompálya
- atomprogram
- atomreaktor
- atomrobbanás
- atomrobbantás
- atomsugár
- atomsúly
- atomszám
- atomszemét
- atomszerkezet
- atomtemető
- atomtömeg
- atomtudós
- bóratom
- gázatom
- héliumatom
- hidrogénatom
- kénatom
- klóratom
- nitrogénatom
- oxigénatom
- szénatom
References edit
- ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Further reading edit
- atom in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- atom in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch atoom (“atom”), from French atome, from Latin atomus, from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
atom (plural atom-atom, first-person possessive atomku, second-person possessive atommu, third-person possessive atomnya)
- (chemistry, nuclear physics) atom, the smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
- (figurative) modern
- (figurative) plastic, a synthetic, solid, hydrocarbon-based polymer, whether thermoplastic or thermosetting.
- Synonym: plastik
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “atom” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Malay edit
Etymology edit
From English atom, from Old French atome, from Latin atomus, from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
atom (plural atom-atom, informal 1st possessive atomku, 2nd possessive atommu, 3rd possessive atomnya)
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible, uncut, undivided”), both from ἀ- (a-, “not, without”), from Proto-Hellenic *ə- (“un-, not; without, lacking”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) + and from τέμνω (témnō, “I cut, hew, wound, butcher”), from Proto-Indo-European *tm̥-n-h₁-, from *temh₁- (“to cut”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
atom n (definite singular atomet, indefinite plural atom or atomer, definite plural atoma or atomene)
- (chemistry, physics) an atom (the smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons)
- et atom består av en atomkjerne omgitt av elektroner
- an atom consists of an atomic nucleus surrounded by electrons
- 1943, Carl Fred. Holmboe, Michael Faraday, page 94:
- tinnklorid … består av et atom tinn og to atomer klor
- tin chloride… consists of one atom of tin and two atoms chlorine tin chloride… consists of one atom of tin and two atoms of chlorine
- 1943, Carl Fred. Holmboe, Michael Faraday, page 164:
- man var nådd frem til dets minste byggesten. Denne kalte Demokritos et atom: ἄτομος som betyr udelelig
- one had reached its smallest building block. This one called Democritus an atom: ἄτομος which means indivisible
- 1951, Agnar Mykle, Morgen i appelsingult, page 42:
- det var nok atomene [som har forårsaket katastrofen] likevel, som jeg trodde!
- it was probably the atoms [that caused the disaster] anyway, as I thought!
- 2014, Nasjonal digital læringsarena[ndla.no]:
- for å forstå hvordan stoffer reagerer med hverandre, og hvorfor de ulike stoffene har forskjellige egenskaper, må vi først lære om de minste byggesteinene i naturen, nemlig atomer
- to understand how substances react with each other, and why the different substances have different properties, we must first learn about the smallest building blocks in nature, namely atoms
- (figuratively) an atom (the smallest, indivisible constituent part or unit of something)
- 1865, H. Schulze, Fra Lofoten og Solør, page 87:
- [stokken] maatte styrte udover ham og knuse ham til atomer
- [the stick] had to crash over him and crush him into atoms
- 1891, Arne Garborg, Trætte Mænd, page 230:
- i samvittighedsnaget en draabe smigret forfængelighed – Og i forfængeligheden et atom selvforagt
- in the gnaw of conscience a drop of flattered vanity - And in vanity an atom of self-loathing
- 1910, Sven Elvestad, Angsten, page 29:
- i et lidet atom af tid synes han fremdeles han er et andet og fjernt sted
- in a small atom of time he still thinks he is another and distant place
Derived terms edit
- antiatom
- atom-
- atomaktivist
- atomalder
- atomammunisjon
- atomangrep
- atomanlegg
- atomar
- atomartilleri
- atomaske
- atomavfall
- atomavrustning
- atomavtale
- atombase
- atombedrift
- atombombe
- atombombefly
- atombombeforsøk
- atombombemål
- atombombeprøve
- atombombestøv
- atombrennstoff
- atombrensel
- atombryter
- atombyrå
- atombåt
- atomdiplomat
- atomdiplomati
- atomdrevet
- atomdrift
- atomdrivstoff
- atomekspert
- atomeksplosjon
- atomenergi
- atomfly
- atomforsker
- atomforskning
- atomforsvar
- atomfred
- atomfri
- atomfrykt
- atomfysiker
- atomfysikk
- atomgitter
- atomgranat
- atomhemmelighet
- atomhode
- atomild
- atomindustri
- atomingeniør
- atominstitutt
- atomisere
- atomisk
- atomisme
- atomistisk
- atomisør
- atomkampanje
- atomkanon
- atomkappløp
- atomkirkegård
- atomkjerne
- atomklokke
- atomklubb
- atomkonferanse
- atomkontroll
- atomkraft
- atomkraftverk
- atomkrig
- atomladet
- atomladning
- atommakt
- atommarsj
- atommasse
- atommasseenhet
- atommile
- atommodell
- atommotor
- atommylder
- atommyndighet
- atommål
- atomnasjon
- atomnedfall
- atomnedruste
- atomnedrustning
- atomnummer
- atomopprustning
- atomorbital
- atomparaply
- atompolitikk
- atomproduksjon
- atomprosjekt
- atomprosjektil
- atomprotest
- atomprotestant
- atomprøve
- atomsibryter
- atomspaltning
- atomvekt
- atomvæpnet
- atomær
- donoratom
- fremmedatom
- gramatom
- heteroatom
- hydrogenatom
- oksygenatom
- sentralatom
- strålingsatom
- uranatom
Related terms edit
- atom- (prefix)
References edit
- “atom” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “atom” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
- “atom” in Store norske leksikon
- “atom (historikk)” in Store norske leksikon
- “atom (atomteori)” in Store norske leksikon
Anagrams edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos).
Noun edit
atom n (definite singular atomet, indefinite plural atom, definite plural atoma)
- an atom
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- atom- (prefix)
References edit
- “atom” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
atom m
Inflection edit
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | atom | atomL | atoimL |
Vocative | atoim | atomL | atomuH |
Accusative | atomN | atomL | atomuH |
Genitive | atoimL | atom | atomN |
Dative | atomL | atomaib | atomaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants edit
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French atome.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
atom m inan (related adjective atomowy)
- (physics) atom [+genitive = of what]
- nuclear device (something that operates thanks to nuclear energy)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Derived terms edit
- atomizować impf, zatomizować pf
References edit
- ^ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “atom”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
Further reading edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French atome, from Latin atomus.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
atom m (plural atomi)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- atom in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
From Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
àtōm m (Cyrillic spelling а̀то̄м)
Declension edit
References edit
- “atom” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Swedish edit
Noun edit
atom c
- atom; the smallest particle to retain the properties of the element
- (historical) atom; the theoretically smallest possible particle
Declension edit
Declension of atom | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | atom | atomen | atomer | atomerna |
Genitive | atoms | atomens | atomers | atomernas |
Related terms edit
See also edit
References edit
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
atom (definite accusative atomu, plural atomlar)
Declension edit
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | atom | |
Definite accusative | atomu | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | atom | atomlar |
Definite accusative | atomu | atomları |
Dative | atoma | atomlara |
Locative | atomda | atomlarda |
Ablative | atomdan | atomlardan |
Genitive | atomun | atomların |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “atom”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Welsh edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
atom
- (literary) first-person plural of at