finis
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English finis, from Latin fīnis (“end; limit”). Doublet of fin and fine.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
finis
- Of a book or other work: the end.
- 1836, [Frederick Marryat], “In which our hero finds out that trigonometry is not only necessary to navigation, but may be required in settling affairs of honour”, in Mr. Midshipman Easy […], volume II, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, page 32:
- He had gone through the work from the title-page to the finis at least forty times, and had just commenced it over again.
- 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos], pages 570–571:
- Highly providential was the appearance on the scene of Corny Kelleher when Stephen was blissfully unconscious that, but for that man in the gap turning up at the eleventh hour, the finis might have been that he might have been a candidate for the accident ward, […]
See also edit
Catalan edit
Verb edit
finis
Esperanto edit
Verb edit
finis
- past of fini
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
finis
Verb edit
finis
- inflection of finir:
Participle edit
finis m pl
Ido edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
finis
- past of finar
Indonesian edit
Noun edit
finis (first-person possessive finisku, second-person possessive finismu, third-person possessive finisnya)
Latin edit
Etymology edit
Disputed.[1] Perhaps for *fignis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (“to stick, set up”), whence figō,[2] or for *fidnis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”), whence findō.
For the meaning “region”, compare pāgus again from a root meaning “to fix”.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfiː.nis/, [ˈfiːnɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfi.nis/, [ˈfiːnis]
Noun edit
fīnis m or f (genitive fīnis); third declension
- end
- Antonyms: initium, prīmōrdium, prīncipium, exōrdium, orīgō, limen
- in finem ― eternally
- ad finem ― to the end
- finem facio ― I cease
- limit, border, bound boundary, frontier
- (in the plural) boundaries, bounds; by extension, territory, region, lands
- limit in duration, term (duration of a set length)
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:
- huic generī mīlitum senātus eundem, quem Cannēnsibus, fīnem statuērat mīlitiae.
- For this class of soldier the senate had established a limit in duration to their military service, which was the same as the men at Cannae.
- huic generī mīlitum senātus eundem, quem Cannēnsibus, fīnem statuērat mīlitiae.
- end, purpose, aim, object, telos
- death, end (of life)
- amount (in late juridical writings)
Usage notes edit
According to Lewis & Short, finis does occasionally appear as a feminine noun in both the ante-classical and post-classical eras.
Declension edit
Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -e or -ī).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | fīnis | fīnēs |
Genitive | fīnis | fīnium |
Dative | fīnī | fīnibus |
Accusative | fīnem | fīnēs fīnīs |
Ablative | fīne fīnī |
fīnibus |
Vocative | fīnis | fīnēs |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Asturian: fin
- Catalan: fi
- Corsican: fine
- Dalmatian: fain
- Esperanto: fino
- French: fin
- Friulian: fin
- Galician: fin
- Istriot: feîn
- Italian: fine
- Ladin: fin
- Leonese: fin
- Occitan: fin
- Portuguese: fim
- Romanian: fine
- Romansch: fin, fegn
- Sardinian: fine, fini
- Sicilian: fini, finu
- Spanish: fin
- Venetian: fin
- Walloon: fén
- → Proto-Brythonic: *fin (see there for further descendants)
- → Middle Irish: fín (see there for further descendants)
Verb edit
fīnīs
References edit
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Tucker, T.G., Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition)
Further reading edit
- “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- finis in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
- finis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- finis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
- to evacuate territory: (ex) finibus excedere
- to put an end to one's life: vitae finem facere
- such was the end of... (used of a violent death): talem vitae exitum (not finem) habuit (Nep. Eum. 13)
- to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem facere alicuius rei
- to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei
- to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: ad finem aliquid adducere
- to come to an end: finem habere
- to cease speaking: finem dicendi facere
- to impose fixed limitations: fines certos terminosque constituere
- to put an end to war: belli finem facere, bellum finire
- to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
Pijin edit
Etymology edit
Particle edit
finis
- Tense marker for the past perfect tense