rasti
Finnish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Possibly extracted from ristiin rastiin.[1] See risti for more.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rasti
- X, cross (mark or sign that resembles the letter X)
- (orienteering) checkpoint
- bugloss (plant of the genus, Anchusa)
- (aviation) fix
Usage notes edit
rasti typically refers to a tilted cross (X). For the horizontal symbol (+), see risti.
Declension edit
| Inflection of rasti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | rasti | rastit | ||
| genitive | rastin | rastien | ||
| partitive | rastia | rasteja | ||
| illative | rastiin | rasteihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | rasti | rastit | ||
| accusative | nom. | rasti | rastit | |
| gen. | rastin | |||
| genitive | rastin | rastien | ||
| partitive | rastia | rasteja | ||
| inessive | rastissa | rasteissa | ||
| elative | rastista | rasteista | ||
| illative | rastiin | rasteihin | ||
| adessive | rastilla | rasteilla | ||
| ablative | rastilta | rasteilta | ||
| allative | rastille | rasteille | ||
| essive | rastina | rasteina | ||
| translative | rastiksi | rasteiksi | ||
| abessive | rastitta | rasteitta | ||
| instructive | — | rastein | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
Derived terms edit
compounds
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “rasti”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈrɑsti/, [ˈrɑ̝s̠ti] (indicative)
- IPA(key): /ˈrɑstiˣ/, [ˈrɑ̝s̠ti(ʔ)] (imperative, connegative)
- Rhymes: -ɑsti
- Syllabification(key): ras‧ti
Verb edit
rasti
- inflection of rastia:
References edit
Anagrams edit
Latvian edit
Participle edit
rasti
Lithuanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rad-; compare Latvian rast. Can be connected with Proto-Slavic *rodìti (“give birth”); compare the reflexive, rastis (“appear, arise”). Related to rasmė (“yield, harvest”).
There are two conflicting etymologies of this root. The first connects it with Proto-Germanic *rēdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”); cf. ródyti. The second is a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥-edʰ- < *wer- (“twist, turn”); compare Slovene vȏrdati (“rummage, ransack”) < Proto-Slavic *vъrdati, Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉𐌽 (wratōn, “wander”), Old Norse rata (“find one's way”).[1]
Both etymologies are formally difficult, therefore we may in fact be dealing with a root *Hrodʰ-, unique to Balto-Slavic.[2]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ràsti (third-person present tense rañda, third-person past tense rãdo)
- (transitive, with accusative) find, discover
- (about feelings, etc.) acquire, get
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of rasti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
randù | randì | rañda | rañdame, rañdam |
rañdate, rañdat |
rañda | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
radaũ | radaĩ | rãdo | rãdome, rãdom |
rãdote, rãdot |
rãdo | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
ràsdavau | ràsdavai | ràsdavo | ràsdavome, ràsdavom |
ràsdavote, ràsdavot |
ràsdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
ràsiu | ràsi | ràs | ràsime, ràsim |
ràsite, ràsit |
ràs | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
ràsčiau | ràstum, ràstumei |
ràstų | ràstumėme, ràstumėm, ràstume |
ràstumėte, ràstumėt |
ràstų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | ràsk, ràski |
terañda, terañdie |
ràskime, ràskim |
ràskite, ràskit |
terañda, terañdie | ||
Participles of rasti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | rañdąs, rañdantis | rañdamas | |
| past | rãdęs | ràstas | |
| past frequentative | ràsdavęs | — | |
| future | ràsiąs, ràsiantis | ràsimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | ràstinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | ràsdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | rañdant | |
| past | rãdus | ||
| past frequentative | ràsdavus | ||
| future | ràsiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | ràste, ràstinai | ||
Derived terms edit
terms derived from rasti
prefixed forms of rasti
References edit
- ^ Zhanna Varbot (1980) “К реконструкции и этимологии некоторых праславянских глагольных основ и отглагольных имен. VIII (*vъrdati, *sęčati, *plęgti, *kužati и *kuža, *mъrx-/*mьrx- и *myrěti, *plixati) [Towards a reconstruction and etymology of certain Proto-Slavic verbal bases and derivatives]”, in Этимология 1978, Moscow, page 19: “*vъrdati”.
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 437
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-. Compare Russian расти (rasti).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
rȃsti impf (Cyrillic spelling ра̑сти)
- (intransitive) to grow
- (intransitive) to increase
- (intransitive) to accrue, to accumulate
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of rasti
| Infinitive: rasti | Present verbal adverb: rástūći | Past verbal adverb: — | Verbal noun: — | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
| Verbal forms | ja | ti | on / ona / ono | mi | vi | oni / one / ona | |
| Present | rastem | rasteš | raste | rastemo | rastete | rastu | |
| Future | Future I | rast ću1 rašću |
rast ćeš1 rašćeš |
rast će1 rašće |
rast ćemo1 rašćemo |
rast ćete1 rašćete |
rast će1 rašće |
| Future II | bȕdēm rastao2 | bȕdēš rastao2 | bȕdē rastao2 | bȕdēmo rasli2 | bȕdēte rasli2 | bȕdū rasli2 | |
| Past | Perfect | rastao sam2 | rastao si2 | rastao je2 | rasli smo2 | rasli ste2 | rasli su2 |
| Pluperfect3 | bȉo sam rastao2 | bȉo si rastao2 | bȉo je rastao2 | bíli smo rasli2 | bíli ste rasli2 | bíli su rasli2 | |
| Imperfect | rastijah | rastijaše | rastijaše | rastijasmo | rastijaste | rastijahu | |
| Conditional I | rastao bih2 | rastao bi2 | rastao bi2 | rasli bismo2 | rasli biste2 | rasli bi2 | |
| Conditional II4 | bȉo bih rastao2 | bȉo bi rastao2 | bȉo bi rastao2 | bíli bismo rasli2 | bíli biste rasli2 | bíli bi rasli2 | |
| Imperative | — | rasti | — | rastimo | rastite | — | |
| Active past participle | rastao m / rasla f / raslo n | rasli m / rasle f / rasla n | |||||
| 1 Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2 For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3 Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. 4 Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
| |||||||
Derived terms edit
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
rásti impf
- (intransitive) to grow
- (intransitive) to increase
Inflection edit
| Obstruent + -ti -em (AP b) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | rásti | |||||
| 1st singular | rástem, rásem | |||||
| infinitive | rásti | rȁst | ||||
| supine | rȃst | |||||
| verbal noun | — | |||||
| participle | converb | |||||
| present | rastọ̄č, rasọ̄č | — | ||||
| past | rȃščen | — | ||||
| l-participle | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| singular | rȃstəł, rȃsəł | rástla, rásla | rástlo, ráslo | |||
| dual | rástla, rásla | rástli, rásli | rástli, rásli | |||
| plural | rástli, rásli | rástle, rásle | rástla, rásla | |||
| present | imperative | |||||
| 1st singular | rástem, rásem | — | ||||
| 2nd singular | rásteš, ráseš | rásti, rási | ||||
| 3rd singular | ráste, ráse | — | ||||
| 1st dual | rásteva, ráseva | rástiva, rásiva | ||||
| 2nd dual | rásteta, ráseta | rástita, rásita | ||||
| 3rd dual | rásteta, ráseta | — | ||||
| 1st plural | rástemo, rásemo | rástimo, rásimo | ||||
| 2nd plural | rástete, rásete | rástite, rásite | ||||
| 3rd plural | rástejo, rásejo, rastọ́, rasọ́ | — | ||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “rasti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran