vi
|
Translingual edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative forms edit
Numeral edit
vi
- Ⅵ, the Roman numeral six (6)
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From either an Abbreviation of English Vietnamese or Vietnamese Tiếng Việt
Symbol edit
vi
Etymology 3 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Symbol edit
vi
English edit
Alternative forms edit
- vi, v.i., v.i.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (US) (file)
Noun edit
vi
- (grammar) Initialism of verb intransitive or intransitive verb (often in dictionaries)
Related terms edit
- v.t., v.t., vt, vt (= verb transitive, transitive verb)
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Aiwoo edit
Adverb edit
vi
References edit
- Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007) “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 46, number 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Aromanian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Cf. the corresponding ni for noi. Compare Romanian vă. Compare also Italian vi
Pronoun edit
vi (unstressed/short accusative and reflexive form of voi)
- (direct object, second-person plural) you (group being addressed)
Related terms edit
- voi (stressed/long form accusative)
Pronoun edit
vi
- (indirect object) (to) you (group being addressed)
Related terms edit
- vau (stressed/long form dative)
See also edit
Breton edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *āuyom (compare Welsh wy, Cornish oy), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”).
Noun edit
vi m
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Catalan vi~vin, from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vi m (plural vins)
- wine (alcoholic beverage)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- “vi” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- chapter VI, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “vi” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “vi” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Corsican edit
Etymology edit
From voi (“you”). Compare Italian vi and Romanian vi.
Pronoun edit
vi
- you (plural, both direct or indirect object)
See also edit
References edit
Dalmatian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
vi m (plural vei)
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse vér, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy, plural of *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
vi (first-person plural nominative, accusative os, genitive vores, c vor, n vort, pl vore)
See also edit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | mig | min | mit | mine |
Second | modern / informal | du | dig | din | dit | dine | |
formal | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
Third | masculine (person) | han | ham | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
common(noun) | den | dens | |||||
neuter(noun) | det | dets | |||||
reflexive | – | sig | sin | sit | sine | ||
Plural | First | modern | vi | os | vores | ||
archaic / formal | vor | vort | vore | ||||
Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
Third | – | de | dem | deres | |||
reflexive | – | sig |
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Italian voi, French vous and/or Russian вы (vy), plus the i of personal pronouns.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
vi (accusative vin, possessive via)
- (second-person plural and formal singular pronoun): you
- Vi batis min. ― You hit me.
- yourselves
- Vi diras al vi. ― You say to yourselves.
Related terms edit
See also edit
Ewe edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
vi
Noun edit
vi
- child (a son or daughter)
- descendant
Galician edit
Verb edit
vi
- (reintegrationist norm) first-person singular preterite indicative of ver
Gun edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Gbe *-ví, cognates include Saxwe Gbe ovi, Fon ví, Adja evi, Ewe vi
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Ido edit
Etymology edit
vu (“you”) + -i (“-s; plural”)
Pronoun edit
vi pl
- you (plural)
Related terms edit
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
See voi. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative forms edit
- -vi (enclitic)
Pronoun edit
vi
- second-person personal plural object pronoun: you, to you
- (noi) vi amiamo ― we love you
- second-person reflexive plural: yourselves
- (voi) vi ricordate ― you remember
- (often not translated) it; about it, of it, on it
Usage notes edit
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Etymology 2 edit
Adverb edit
vi
Usage notes edit
- Stylistically elevated variant of ci, only used in formal contexts.
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
vi f (invariable)
- Alternative form of vu
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
vi
Latin edit
Noun edit
vī f
References edit
- “vi”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Maonan edit
Noun edit
vi
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
vi
- we
- Hvordan kommer vi dit?
- How do we get there?
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
vi
- imperative of vie
See also edit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
feminine | masculine | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
Second | general | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine | |
formal (rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | ||||
masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | |||||
feminine (noun) | den | dens | ||||||
masculine (noun) | ||||||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | ||||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vårt | våre | |
Second | general | dere | deres | |||||
formal (very rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | general | de | dem | deres | ||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
Probably with influence from Swedish vi and Danish vi, from Old Norse vér, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy, plural of *éǵh₂.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
vi
See also edit
person | first person | second person | reflexive | third person | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
case | singular | singular masculine | singular feminine | singular neuter | ||
nominative | eg, je1 | du | han | ho | det, dat2 | |
accusative | meg | deg | seg | han, honom2 | ho, henne2 | det, dat2 |
dative2 | meg | deg | seg | honom | henne | di2 |
genitive | min | din | sin | hans | hennar, hennes1 | dess3 |
case | plural | |||||
nominative | me, vi | de, dokker | dei | |||
accusative | oss, okk | dykk, dokker | seg | dei, deim2 | ||
dative | oss, okk | dykk, dokker | seg | deim2 | ||
genitive | vår, okkar | dykkar, dokkar | sin | deira, deires1 |
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
vi
- imperative of via
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
vi
- Eye dialect spelling of vil.
References edit
- “vi” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams edit
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Latin vīdī. Cognate with Galician vin and Spanish vi.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
vi
- first-person singular preterite indicative of ver
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 135:
- Não vi o tempo passar.
- I didn't notice the time passing.
Romanian edit
Pronoun edit
vi (dative form of voi; form of vă )
- to you
Usage notes edit
This word is used when vă (which is dative) is combined with the following accusatives:
- îl (the accusative of el, contracted as vi-l)
- îi (the accusative of ei, contracted as vi-i)
- le (the accusative of ele)
- se (the reflexive accusative of all third-person pronouns)
See also edit
Sassarese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Latin ibi (“there; then”), from Proto-Italic *iðei or *ifei with iambic shortening, from the pronominal stem Proto-Indo-European *éy.
Adverb edit
vi
- here
- Synonym: zi
- in or at this place
- to or into this place
- there
- Synonym: zi
- in or at that place
- 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter XVII, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew][1], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 26, page 68:
- Ma pa no ilcandalizzalli, vai a mari, e getta l’amu: e piglia lu primu pesciu, chi n’alzarà: e abbrendili la bocca v’hai a incuntrà un iltateri: pigliannilu, e paga pal me, e pal te.
- But, so as to not cause them indignation, go to the sea, and cast the hook; and take the first fish that comes up; and, opening its mouth, there you will find a stater; take it, and pay for me, and for yourself.
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Ulisse [Ulysses]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 51:
- Raramenti vi fàrani pizoni,
si sò abbramiddi, pa’ zirchà ricattu.- Birds seldom glide there, if they are hungry, to look for food.
- to or into that place
- 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter XXI, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew][2], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 29, page 84:
- Ma eddu rilpundendi, dizisi: No v’ andu. Ma poi, pintiddu, v’ andesi.
- But he, answering, said: "I will not go there". But afterwards, regretful, he went there.
Pronoun edit
vi
- (accusative) you (plural)
- 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter IV, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew][3], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 19, page 11:
- E li dizisi: Viniddi dareddu a me, e vi aggiu a fà pilcadori d’ omini.
- And he said to them: "Come after me, and I will make you fishers of men.
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Puisia [Poem]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 19:
- […] un’oasi prupizia pa’ pudé / cu lu pientu annittavvi da li fàuri / chi vi sò già incighendi.
- A propitious oasis, so I can cleanse you with my tears from the lies that are already blinding you.
- (dative) to you (plural)
- Abà vi diggu la veriddai ― I'll tell you the truth now (literally, “Now to you I tell the truth”)
- 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, translated by Giovanni Spano, L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew][4], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 18, page 14:
- Palchì vi diggu in viriddai; finza chi passia lu zelu e la terra, no ha a vinì mancu un etti, o un puntu di la leggi finza chi tuttu si cumplia.
- for truly I say to you, until the heaven and the earth may pass away, one iota or one tittle may not pass away from the Law, until all may come to pass
- it, to it
- no vi credu ― I don't believe it (literally, “Not to it I believe”)
Related terms edit
References edit
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vy.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
vȋ (Cyrillic spelling ви̑)
- you (nominative plural of tȋ (“you”))
- you (vocative plural of tȋ (“you”))
- (formal) you (formal singular and plural)
Declension edit
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *vy.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
vȋ
Inflection edit
singular | |||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | jàz | tí | — |
accusative | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
genitive | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
dative | méni, mi | tébi, ti | sébi, si |
locative | méni | tébi | sébi |
instrumental | menój, máno | tebój, tábo | sebój, sábo |
possessive | mój | tvój | svój |
dual | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mídva m, médve/mídve f or n | vídva m, védve/vídve f or n | — |
accusative | náju | váju | sébe, se |
genitive | náju | váju | sébe, se |
dative | náma | váma | sébi, si |
locative | náju | váju | sébi |
instrumental | náma | váma | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nájin | vájin | svój |
plural | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mí m, mé f or n | ví m, vé f or n | — |
accusative | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
genitive | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
dative | nàm | vàm | sébi, si |
locative | nàs | vàs | sébi |
instrumental | nàmi | vàmi | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nàš | vàš | svój |
Derived terms edit
See also edit
singular | dual | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | m | jaz | midva | mi | |
f or n | medve, midve | me | |||
2nd person | familiar tikanje |
m | ti | vidva | vi |
f or n | vedve, vidve | ve | |||
3rd person | m | on | onadva | oni | |
f | ona | onedve, onidve | one | ||
n | ono | onedve, onidve | ona | ||
Polite forms (not differentiated in dual and plural) | singular | ||||
polite vikanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 2rd person plural masculine |
vi, Vi | ||||
very polite onikanje – instead of 2nd or 3rd person, binds with forms for 3rd person plural masculine (archaic) |
oni | ||||
hyper polite onokanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular neuter (obsolete) |
ono | ||||
patriarchal onkanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular masculine (obsolete) |
on |
Spanish edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
vi
Swedish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Swedish vīr, from Old East Norse *wīʀ (compare vér), from Proto-Germanic *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy, plural of *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
vi
- we (first-person personal plural subject pronoun)
- 1981, X Models (lyrics and music), “Två av oss [Two of us]”:
- Det finns bara en av mig och det är jag. Det finns bara en av dig och det är du. Det finns bara två av oss, och det är vi.
- There is only one of me and that is I. There is only one of you [object] and that is you [subject]. There are only two of us, and that is us [we – subject]. [Swedish has some of the same subject/object fuzziness as English, but a standalone "Det är <pronoun>" idiomatically (through intuition rather than being taught) uses the subject form]
- 1791, Carl Michael Bellman, Fredmans sånger, N:o 21
- Så lunka vi så småningom från Bacchi buller och tumult
- We'll walk away eventually from the noise and tumult of Bacchus
Usage notes edit
A standalone "That is us" is idiomatically "Det är vi" rather than "Det är oss." Compare "That is I" in (taught) English, which also uses the subject form. See the quotations above for an example.
Declension edit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Swedish hvi, from Old Norse hví, from Proto-Germanic *hwī (“by what, how”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey, locative of *kʷis (“who”). Cognate with Old Danish hvi, Danish hvi, Old West Norse hví, Norwegian Nynorsk kvi, Norwegian Bokmål hvi, Old Saxon hwi, hwiu, Old High German hwiu, Middle High German wiu, German wie (“how”), Old English hwȳ, hvī, Middle English why, English why, more distantly with Latin quī (“what, who, which”).
Alternative forms edit
- hvi (pre-1906 spelling)
Adverb edit
vi
- (archaic or poetic) why
- 1541, Gustav Vasa Bible, Matthew 9:5
- Men när Jesus sågh theras tanckar, sadhe han, Hwj tencken j ondt j idhor hierta?
- (pre-1906 spelling) Men när Jesus såg deras tankar, sade han, Hvi tänken I ondt i edor hjerta?
- And Jesus knowing their thoughts said, Wherefore think ye evil in your hearts?
- Synonym: varför
- 1541, Gustav Vasa Bible, Matthew 9:5
Etymology 3 edit
From Old Norse vé, from Proto-Germanic *wīhą, from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to choose, separate out, set aside as holy, consecrate, sacrifice”). Cognate with Latin victima (“offering, sacrifice”).
Noun edit
vi n
Related terms edit
References edit
- vi in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- vi in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- vi in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams edit
Tagalog edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from English vee, the English name of the letter V/v.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vi (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒ)
- The name of the Latin-script letter V/v, in the Filipino alphabet.
- Synonym: (in the Abecedario) ve
See also edit
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [vi˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [vɪj˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [vɪj˧˧] ~ [jɪj˧˧]
Audio (Hà Nội) (file)
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
(classifier cái) vi
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 微.
Prefix edit
vi