'yba

Old Tupi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔɨ.βa/
• Rhymes: -ɨβa
• Hyphenation: 'y‧ba

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ (“tree”), from Proto-Tupian *ꝁɯp (“tree, stick”).

Noun

'yba (unpossessable)

1. plant

   Synonym: ka'a

   mani'yba ― cassava plant

2. tree

   Synonym: ybyrá

   akaîu'yba ― cashew tree

   • 1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Do primeiro nouiſsimo, que he a morte.” (chapter I), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Quarto do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam [… ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 157v:

     Ocuiracô amume îbáramboera oîbaçuí îbotîramo oicóbobê: amô racó ogoaquîra pupe y cui amóracò ogoaiubirê ycui.

     [Okuî rakó amũme 'ybarambûera o 'yba suí 'ybotyramo oîkóbo bé, amõ rakó ogûakyra pupé i kuî, amõ rakó ogûaîub'iré i kuî]

     The fruits sometimes fall from their tree when they are still flowers, others when green and others when ripe.

3. shoot (emerging stem and embryonic leaves of a new plant)

   Synonym: embó

Noun

'yba (possessable)

1. stalk (stem or main axis of a plant)
2. handle; shaft (part of an object held in the hand when used or moved)

   'ypûã ― sword handle (literally, “finger handle”)

Descendants

• Nheengatu: iwa

Etymology 2

Noun

'yba (possessable)

1. origin; beginning; start

   Synonyms: ypy, sy

Etymology 3

By surface analysis, 'y (“water”) +‎ aíb (“bad”) +‎ -a.

Noun

'yba (possessable)

1. a tree in the genus Ateleia

Etymology 4

Possibly related to ypy.

Noun

'yba (possessable)

1. bottom; lowest part of something

   Synonym: ypy

   • 1618, Antônio de Araújo, “November”, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Catalogo dos dias Santos de guarda, & de jejum (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 9:

     Coir nungâra âra pupê Chriſto recô reronheeng nheenga recê T. rerobiaçareima S. Andre Apoſtolo biâ jucao; cruZ recê ymoiâri, yyerurèçaboê omboêçâra moetêbo igbatê coti ogoètimâ moiarucari igbâ coti oâcanga.

     [Ko'yr nungara 'ara pupé Cristo rekó reronhe'enhe'enga resé, Tupã rerobîasare'yma S. André Apóstolo byá îukaû. Cruz resé i moîari, i îerurésabo é, o mbo'esara moetébo: ybaté koty ogûetymã moîarukari 'yba koty o akanga.]

     In a day like today, for keep speaking about the work of Christ, the ones that didn't believe in God killed Saint Andrew the Apostle. On the cross they nailed him as he asked, honoring his master: he ordered that his legs be nailed upwards [and] his head downwards.

Etymology 5

Noun

'yba (unpossessable)

1. guide (someone who guides)
2. leader; master; commander
   • 1645 August 19, Antônio Filipe Camarão, Letter to Pedro Poti (Camarão Indians' letters; 1), page 1:

     (please add the primary text of this quotation)

     [Okanhemetá 'ybama, apŷabaíba, oré suí.]

     Many commanders, evil men, will perish by our hand.

3. (Late Tupi) conductor (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble)

Further reading

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “'yba”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, pages 514–515