استوى

See also: أستوى, أستوي, and استوي

Arabic

Etymology

From root س و ي (s-w-y). Cognate with Hebrew הִשְׁתַּוָּה (hishtawwā).

Verb

اِسْتَوَى • (istawā) VIII (non-past يَسْتَوِي (yastawī), verbal noun اِسْتِوَاء (istiwāʔ))

1. (intransitive, reciprocal) to be or become equal or equivalent

   Synonym: تَسَاوَى (tasāwā)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 41:34:

     وَلَا تَسْتَوِي ٱلْحَسَنَةُ وَلَا ٱلسَّيِّئَةُ ۚ ٱدْفَعْ بِٱلَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ فَإِذَا ٱلَّذِي بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ عَدَاوَةٌ كَأَنَّهُ وَلِيٌّ حَمِيمٌ

     wa-lā tastawī l-ḥasanatu wa-lā s-sayyiʔatu. idfaʕ bi-llatī hiya ʔaḥsanu fa-ʔiḏā llaḏī baynaka wa-baynahu ʕadāwatun kaʔannahu waliyyun ḥamīmun

     And the good deed does not equal the bad: repel by that which is better, whereupon he who is inimical to you will be as if he were a devoted friend.

2. to be or become equal, uniform, even, level [with بِ (bi) ‘with something’]
3. to be or become flat or level

   اِسْتَوَتِ ٱلطَّرِيقُ. ― istawati ṭ-ṭarīqu. ― The road flattened out.

4. to be or become ripe (of food, fruit, etc.)
5. to take control [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘of something’]
6. to stand upright
7. to reach maturity
8. to become barren (of land)
9. to ascend, to mount [with عَلَى (ʕalā) or فَوْقَ (fawqa) ‘on something’]
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:59:

     ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَا فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٖ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَوَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡعَرۡشِۖ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ فَسۡـَٔلۡ بِهِۦ خَبِيرٗا

     Who created the heavens and the Earth and all that is between them in six Days, then He mounted the Throne. The Beneficent! Ask anyone informed concerning Him!

Conjugation

    Conjugation of اِسْتَوَى (VIII, final-weak, impersonal passive, verbal noun اِسْتِوَاء)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						اِسْتِوَاء istiwāʔ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُسْتَوٍ mustawin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُسْتَوًى mustawan
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	اِسْتَوَيْتُ istawaytu	اِسْتَوَيْتَ istawayta	اِسْتَوَى istawā		اِسْتَوَيْتُمَا istawaytumā	اِسْتَوَيَا istawayā		اِسْتَوَيْنَا istawaynā	اِسْتَوَيْتُمْ istawaytum	اِسْتَوَوْا istawaw
	f		اِسْتَوَيْتِ istawayti	اِسْتَوَتْ istawat			اِسْتَوَتَا istawatā			اِسْتَوَيْتُنَّ istawaytunna	اِسْتَوَيْنَ istawayna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْتَوِي ʔastawī	تَسْتَوِي tastawī	يَسْتَوِي yastawī		تَسْتَوِيَانِ tastawiyāni	يَسْتَوِيَانِ yastawiyāni		نَسْتَوِي nastawī	تَسْتَوُونَ tastawūna	يَسْتَوُونَ yastawūna
	f		تَسْتَوِينَ tastawīna	تَسْتَوِي tastawī			تَسْتَوِيَانِ tastawiyāni			تَسْتَوِينَ tastawīna	يَسْتَوِينَ yastawīna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْتَوِيَ ʔastawiya	تَسْتَوِيَ tastawiya	يَسْتَوِيَ yastawiya		تَسْتَوِيَا tastawiyā	يَسْتَوِيَا yastawiyā		نَسْتَوِيَ nastawiya	تَسْتَوُوا tastawū	يَسْتَوُوا yastawū
	f		تَسْتَوِي tastawī	تَسْتَوِيَ tastawiya			تَسْتَوِيَا tastawiyā			تَسْتَوِينَ tastawīna	يَسْتَوِينَ yastawīna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْتَوِ ʔastawi	تَسْتَوِ tastawi	يَسْتَوِ yastawi		تَسْتَوِيَا tastawiyā	يَسْتَوِيَا yastawiyā		نَسْتَوِ nastawi	تَسْتَوُوا tastawū	يَسْتَوُوا yastawū
	f		تَسْتَوِي tastawī	تَسْتَوِ tastawi			تَسْتَوِيَا tastawiyā			تَسْتَوِينَ tastawīna	يَسْتَوِينَ yastawīna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِسْتَوِ istawi			اِسْتَوِيَا istawiyā				اِسْتَوُوا istawū
	f		اِسْتَوِي istawī							اِسْتَوِينَ istawīna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	اُسْتُوِيَ ustuwiya		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُسْتَوَى yustawā		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُسْتَوَى yustawā		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُسْتَوَ yustawa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “استوى”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “استوى”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
• “استوى” in Almaany

Hijazi Arabic

Root
س و ي
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic اِسْتَوَى (istawā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /as.ta.wa/

Verb

استوى • (astawa) VIII (non-past يِسْتَوي (yistawi))

1. to ripen, to become ripe
2. (intransitive) to cook

Conjugation

Conjugation of استوى (astawa)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	استويت (astawēt)	استويت (astawēt)	استوى (astawa)		استوينا (astawēna)	استويتوا (astawētu)	استووا (astawu)
	f		استويتي (astawēti)	استوت (astawat)
non-past	m	استوي (astawi)	تستوي (tistawi)	يستوي (yistawi)		نستوي (nistawi)	تستووا (tistawu)	يستووا (yistawu)
	f		تستوي (tistawi)	تستوي (tistawi)
imperative	m		استوي (astawi)				استووا (astawu)
	f		استوي (astawi)

See also

• مُسْتَوي (mustawi, “ripe; cooked”)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
س و ي
5 terms

Etymology

From Arabic اِسْتَوَى (istawā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /is.ta.wa/, [ɪsˈta.wa]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

استوى • (istawa) VIII (present بستوي (bistwi), active participle مستوي (mistwi))

1. to ripen, to become ripe
2. (intransitive) to cook

Conjugation

Conjugation of استوى (istawa)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	استويت (istawēt)	استويت (istawēt)	استوى (istawa)		استوينا (istawēna)	استويتو (istawētu)	استوو (istawu)
	f		استويتي (istawēti)	استوت (istawat)
present	m	بستوي (bastwi)	بتستوي (btistwi)	بيستوي (bistwi)		منستوي (mnistwi)	بتستوو (btistwu)	بستوو (bistwu)
	f		بتستوي (btistwi)	بتستوي (btistwi)
subjunctive	m	استوي (astwi)	تستوي (tistwi)	يستوي (yistwi)		نستوي (nistwi)	تستوو (tistwu)	يستوو (yistwu)
	f		تستوي (tistwi)	تستوي (tistwi)
imperative	m		استوي (istwi)				استوو (istwu)
	f		استوي (istwi)

See also

• مستوي (mistawi, “ripe; cooked”)