See also: جرس, حرس, and خَرس

Arabic

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Root
خ ر س (ḵ r s)
2 terms

Etymology 1.1

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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خَرِسَ (ḵarisa) I (non-past يَخْرَسُ (yaḵrasu), verbal noun خَرَس (ḵaras))

  1. to be mute, to be dumb
  2. to become silent, keep silent, hold one's tongue
Conjugation
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Etymology 1.2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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خَرَسَ (ḵarasa) I (non-past يَخْرُسُ (yaḵrusu), verbal noun خَرْس (ḵars))

  1. to guess, to estimate
  2. to conjecture, to surmise
  3. to tell an untruth, falsehood; to lie
Conjugation
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Khalaj

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Noun

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خِرس (xirs) (definite accusative خِرسی, plural خِرسلَر)

  1. Arabic spelling of xirs (bear)

Declension

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Declension of خرس
singular plural
nominative خرس خرسلَر
genitive خرسۆݧ خرسلَریݧ
dative خرسکه خرسلَرکه
definite accusative خرسۆ خرسلَری
locative خرسچه خرسلَرچه
ablative خرسده خرسلَرده
instrumental خرسله خرسلَرله
equative خرسوارا خرسلَروارا

Persian

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Dari خرس
Iranian Persian
Tajik хирс
 
خرس (xers, bear)

Etymology

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    Inherited from Old Persian *r̥šah, from Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Armenian արջ (arǰ), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬴𐬀 (arṣ̌a), Greek άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda), Latin ursus, French ours, Ossetian арс (ars), Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣá), Welsh arth.

    Pronunciation

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    Readings
    Classical reading? xirs
    Dari reading? xirs
    Iranian reading? xers
    Tajik reading? xirs

    Noun

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    خرس (xers) (plural خرس‌ها (xers-hâ))

    1. bear

    Inflection

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    Basic forms of خرس
    singular plural
    bare خرس (xers) خرس‌ها، خرسا (xers-hấ, xersấ)
    definitive direct object خرس را، خرس رو (xers râ, xerso) خرس‌ها را، خرسا رو (xers-hấ râ, xersấ ro)
    ezâfe خرس (xers-e) خرس‌های، خرسای (xers-hấ-ye, xersấ-ye)
    marked indefinite
    or relative definite
    خرسی (xers-i) خرس‌هایی، خرسایی (xersấn-i, xers-hấ-i, xersấi)

    Colloquial.

    Predicative forms of خرس (xers)
    singular plural
    1st person
    (“I am, we are”)
    خرسم (xersam) خرسیم (xersim)
    2nd person
    (“you are”)
    خرسی (xersi) خرسید، خرسین (xersid, xersin)
    3rd person
    (“he/she/it is, they are”)
    خرس است، خرسه (xers ast, xerse) خرسند، خرسن (xersand, xersan)

    Colloquial.

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Khalaj: xirs
    • Munji: xərs
    • Ottoman Turkish: خرس (hırs)
    • Pashto: خرس
    • Wakhi: خرس
    • Urdu: خرس (xirs)
    • Yagnobi: хирс (xirs)

    South Levantine Arabic

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    Etymology

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    From Arabic خَرِسَ (ḵarisa).

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /xi.ris/, [ˈxi.rɪs]
    • Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

    Verb

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    خرس (ḵiris) I (present بخرس (biḵras))

    1. to be quiet, to shut up
      Synonym: سكت (sakat)

    Conjugation

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    Conjugation of خرس
    singular plural
    1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
    past m خرست (ḵrist) خرست (ḵrist) خرس (ḵiris) خرسنا (ḵrisna) خرستو (ḵristu) خرسو (ḵirsu)
    f خرستي (ḵristi) خرست (ḵirsat)
    present m بخرس (baḵras) بتخرس (btiḵras) بخرس (biḵras) منخرس (mniḵras) بتخرسو (btiḵrasu) بخرسو (biḵrasu)
    f بتخرسي (btiḵrasi) بتخرس (btiḵras)
    subjunctive m أخرس (ʔaḵras) تخرس (tiḵras) يخرس (yiḵras) نخرس (niḵras) تخرسو (tiḵrasu) يخرسو (yiḵrasu)
    f تخرسي (tiḵrasi) تخرس (tiḵras)
    imperative m اخرس (iḵras) اخرسو (iḵrasu)
    f اخرسي (iḵrasi)

    Urdu

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    Etymology

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    PIE word
    *h₂ŕ̥tḱos

    From Classical Persian خرس (xirs, bear).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    خرس (xirs?

    1. bear
    2. a vulgar person; scoundrel; rogue

    Declension

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    Declension of خرس
    singular plural
    direct خرس (xirs) خرس (xirs)
    oblique خرس (xirs) خرسوں (xirsõ)
    vocative خرس (xirs) خرسو (xirso)
    Declension of خرس
    singular plural
    direct خرس (xirs) خرسیں (xirsẽ)
    oblique خرس (xirs) خرسوں (xirsõ)
    vocative خرس (xirs) خرسو (xirso)

    Derived terms

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    References

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    • خرس”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
    • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خرس”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
    • Platts, John T. (1884) “خرس”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
    • خرس”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.