خرس
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
From the root خ ر س (ḵ-r-s).
Pronunciation 1 edit
Verb edit
خَرِسَ • (ḵarisa) I, non-past يَخْرَسُ (yaḵrasu)
- to be mute, to be dumb
- to become silent, keep silent, hold one's tongue
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of
خَرِسَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun خَرَس)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
خَرَس ḵaras | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ḵāris | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
maḵrūs | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ḵaristu |
ḵarista |
خَرِسَ ḵarisa |
ḵaristumā |
ḵarisā |
ḵarisnā |
ḵaristum |
ḵarisū | |||
f | ḵaristi |
ḵarisat |
ḵarisatā |
ḵaristunna |
ḵarisna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaḵrasu |
taḵrasu |
yaḵrasu |
taḵrasāni |
yaḵrasāni |
naḵrasu |
taḵrasūna |
yaḵrasūna | |||
f | taḵrasīna |
taḵrasu |
taḵrasāni |
taḵrasna |
yaḵrasna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaḵrasa |
taḵrasa |
yaḵrasa |
taḵrasā |
yaḵrasā |
naḵrasa |
taḵrasū |
yaḵrasū | |||
f | taḵrasī |
taḵrasa |
taḵrasā |
taḵrasna |
yaḵrasna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaḵras |
taḵras |
yaḵras |
taḵrasā |
yaḵrasā |
naḵras |
taḵrasū |
yaḵrasū | |||
f | taḵrasī |
taḵras |
taḵrasā |
taḵrasna |
yaḵrasna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | iḵras |
iḵrasā |
iḵrasū |
||||||||
f | iḵrasī |
iḵrasna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ḵuristu |
ḵurista |
خُرِسَ ḵurisa |
ḵuristumā |
ḵurisā |
ḵurisnā |
ḵuristum |
ḵurisū | |||
f | ḵuristi |
ḵurisat |
ḵurisatā |
ḵuristunna |
ḵurisna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuḵrasu |
tuḵrasu |
yuḵrasu |
tuḵrasāni |
yuḵrasāni |
nuḵrasu |
tuḵrasūna |
yuḵrasūna | |||
f | tuḵrasīna |
tuḵrasu |
tuḵrasāni |
tuḵrasna |
yuḵrasna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuḵrasa |
tuḵrasa |
yuḵrasa |
tuḵrasā |
yuḵrasā |
nuḵrasa |
tuḵrasū |
yuḵrasū | |||
f | tuḵrasī |
tuḵrasa |
tuḵrasā |
tuḵrasna |
yuḵrasna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuḵras |
tuḵras |
yuḵras |
tuḵrasā |
yuḵrasā |
nuḵras |
tuḵrasū |
yuḵrasū | |||
f | tuḵrasī |
tuḵras |
tuḵrasā |
tuḵrasna |
yuḵrasna |
Pronunciation 2 edit
Verb edit
خَرَسَ • (ḵarasa) I, non-past يَخْرُسُ (yaḵrusu)
- to guess, estimate
- to conjecture, surmise
- tell an untruth, falsehood; lie
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of
خَرَسَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun خَرْس)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
خَرْس ḵars | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ḵāris | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
maḵrūs | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ḵarastu |
ḵarasta |
خَرَسَ ḵarasa |
ḵarastumā |
ḵarasā |
ḵarasnā |
ḵarastum |
ḵarasū | |||
f | ḵarasti |
ḵarasat |
ḵarasatā |
ḵarastunna |
ḵarasna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaḵrusu |
taḵrusu |
yaḵrusu |
taḵrusāni |
yaḵrusāni |
naḵrusu |
taḵrusūna |
yaḵrusūna | |||
f | taḵrusīna |
taḵrusu |
taḵrusāni |
taḵrusna |
yaḵrusna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaḵrusa |
taḵrusa |
yaḵrusa |
taḵrusā |
yaḵrusā |
naḵrusa |
taḵrusū |
yaḵrusū | |||
f | taḵrusī |
taḵrusa |
taḵrusā |
taḵrusna |
yaḵrusna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaḵrus |
taḵrus |
yaḵrus |
taḵrusā |
yaḵrusā |
naḵrus |
taḵrusū |
yaḵrusū | |||
f | taḵrusī |
taḵrus |
taḵrusā |
taḵrusna |
yaḵrusna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | uḵrus |
uḵrusā |
uḵrusū |
||||||||
f | uḵrusī |
uḵrusna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ḵuristu |
ḵurista |
خُرِسَ ḵurisa |
ḵuristumā |
ḵurisā |
ḵurisnā |
ḵuristum |
ḵurisū | |||
f | ḵuristi |
ḵurisat |
ḵurisatā |
ḵuristunna |
ḵurisna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuḵrasu |
tuḵrasu |
yuḵrasu |
tuḵrasāni |
yuḵrasāni |
nuḵrasu |
tuḵrasūna |
yuḵrasūna | |||
f | tuḵrasīna |
tuḵrasu |
tuḵrasāni |
tuḵrasna |
yuḵrasna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuḵrasa |
tuḵrasa |
yuḵrasa |
tuḵrasā |
yuḵrasā |
nuḵrasa |
tuḵrasū |
yuḵrasū | |||
f | tuḵrasī |
tuḵrasa |
tuḵrasā |
tuḵrasna |
yuḵrasna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuḵras |
tuḵras |
yuḵras |
tuḵrasā |
yuḵrasā |
nuḵras |
tuḵrasū |
yuḵrasū | |||
f | tuḵrasī |
tuḵras |
tuḵrasā |
tuḵrasna |
yuḵrasna |
Khalaj edit
Noun edit
خِرس (xirs) (definite accusative خِرسی, plural خِرسلَر)
Declension edit
Persian edit
Dari | خرس |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | хирс |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬴𐬀 (arṣ̌a), Ossetian арс (ars)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas (compare Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣá)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Armenian արջ (arǰ), Greek άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda), Latin ursus, French ours, Welsh arth.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xiɾs]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xeɹs]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χiɹs]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | xirs |
Dari reading? | xirs |
Iranian reading? | xers |
Tajik reading? | xirs |
Noun edit
خرس • (xers) (plural خرسها (xers-hâ))
- bear
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 2006:
- شیر و گرگ و خرس و هر گور و دده، گرد بر گرد تو شب گرد آمده.
- šir o gorg o xers o har gur o dade, gerd bar gerd-e to šab gerd âmade.
- Lions and wolves and bears and onagers and [other] wild animals gather around thee by night.
Inflection edit
Enclitic-attached forms of خرس (xers) (Iranian Persian) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Derived terms edit
- خرس آفتاب (xers-e âftâbe, “sun bear”)
- خرس تنبل (xers-e tanbal, “sloth bear”)
- خرس خاکستری (xers-e xâkestari, “grizzly bear”)
- خرس سیاه (xers-e siyâh, “black bear”)
- خرس سیاه آسیایی (xers-e siyâh-e âsiyâyi, “Asiatic black bear”)
- خرس سیاه آمریکایی (xers-e siyâh-e âmrikâyi, “American black bear”)
- خرس عینکی (xers-e 'eynaki, “spectacled bear”)
- خرس قطبی (xers-e qotbi, “polar bear”)
- خرس قهوهای (xers-e qahve-'i, “brown bear”)
- خرس پاندا (xers-e pândâ, “panda bear”)
Descendants edit
South Levantine Arabic edit
Root |
---|
خ ر س |
1 term |
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
خرس • (ḵiris) I (present بخرس (biḵras))
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of خرس (ḵiris) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | خرست (ḵrist) | خرست (ḵrist) | خرس (ḵiris) | خرسنا (ḵrisna) | خرستو (ḵristu) | خرسو (ḵirsu) | |
f | خرستي (ḵristi) | خرست (ḵirsat) | ||||||
present | m | بخرس (baḵras) | بتخرس (btiḵras) | بخرس (biḵras) | منخرس (mniḵras) | بتخرسو (btiḵrasu) | بخرسو (biḵrasu) | |
f | بتخرسي (btiḵrasi) | بتخرس (btiḵras) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | أخرس (ʔaḵras) | تخرس (tiḵras) | يخرس (yiḵras) | نخرس (niḵras) | تخرسو (tiḵrasu) | يخرسو (yiḵrasu) | |
f | تخرسي (tiḵrasi) | تخرس (tiḵras) | ||||||
imperative | m | اخرس (iḵras) | اخرسو (iḵrasu) | |||||
f | اخرسي (iḵrasi) |
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
PIE word |
---|
*h₂ŕ̥tḱos |
From Classical Persian خرس (xirs, “bear”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xɪɾs/
Noun edit
خرس • (xirs) ?
Declension edit
Declension of خرس | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | خرس (xirs) | خرس (xirs) |
oblique | خرس (xirs) | خرسوں (xirsō̃) |
vocative | خرس (xirs) | خرسو (xirsō) |
Declension of خرس | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | خرس (xirs) | خرسیں (xirsẽ) |
oblique | خرس (xirs) | خرسوں (xirsõ) |
vocative | خرس (xirs) | خرسو (xirso) |
Derived terms edit
- خِرْس بازی (xirs-bāzī, “roughhousing”)
References edit
- “خرس”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “خرس”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John Thompson (1884), “خرس”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., →ISBN, →OCLC
- “خرس”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.