Arabic

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Etymology

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Morphologically from the root س ب ق (s-b-q).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /saː.biq/
  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

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سَابِق (sābiq) (feminine سَابِقَة (sābiqa), masculine plural سَابِقُون (sābiqūn) or سُبَّاق (subbāq), feminine plural سَابِقَات (sābiqāt) or سَوَابِق (sawābiq), elative أَسْبَق (ʔasbaq))[1]

  1. previous, preceding, prior
    حَلْقةُ البَرْنامَجِ السابِقةُḥalqatu l-barnāmaji s-sābiqatuthe program’s previous episode
  2. former
    الرَئِيسُ السابِقُar-raʔīsu s-sābiquthe former president
  3. active participle of سَبَقَ (sabaqa).

Usage notes

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Declension

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Antonyms

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Descendants

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  • South Levantine Arabic: سابق
  • Ottoman Turkish: سابق (sabık)
  • Persian: سابق

Verb

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سَابَقَ (sābaqa) III (non-past يُسَابِقُ (yusābiqu), verbal noun سِبَاق (sibāq) or مُسَابَقَة (musābaqa))

  1. to race

Conjugation

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References

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  1. ^ Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سابق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen.

Hijazi Arabic

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Root
س ب ق
3 terms

Etymology 1

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From Arabic سَابَقَ (sābaqa).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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سابق (sābag) III (non-past يِسابق (yisābig))

  1. to race
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of سابق (sābag)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m سابقت (sābagt) سابقت (sābagt) سابق (sābag) سابقنا (sābagna) سابقتوا (sābagtu) سابقوا (sābagu)
f سابقتي (sābagti) سابقت (sābagat)
non-past m أسابق (ʔasābig) تسابق (tisābig) يسابق (yisābig) نسابق (nisābig) تسابقوا (tisābgu) يسابقوا (yisābgu)
f تسابقي (tisābgi) تسابق (tisābig)
imperative m سابق (sābig) سابقوا (sābgu)
f سابقي (sābgi)

Etymology 2

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From Arabic سَابِق (sābiq).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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سابق (sābig) (feminine سابْقة (sābga), common plural سابْقين (sabgīn))

  1. ahead of
  2. former

Persian

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Dari سابق
Iranian Persian
Tajik собиқ

Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic سَابِق (sābiq).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? sāḇiq
Dari reading? sābiq
Iranian reading? sâbeğ
Tajik reading? sobiq

Adjective

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سابق (sâbeq)

  1. former, precedent

Descendants

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South Levantine Arabic

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Root
س ب ق
2 terms

Etymology

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From Arabic سَابَقَ (sābaqa).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (Urban) /saː.baʔ/, [ˈsæː.baʔ]
  • IPA(key): (Bedouin) /saː.baɡ/, [ˈsæː.baɡ]
  • Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

Verb

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سابق (sābaʔ) III (present بسابق (bisābeʔ))

  1. to race

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of سابق (sābaʔ)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m سابقت (sābaʔt) سابقت (sābaʔt) سابق (sābaʔ) سابقنا (sābaʔna) سابقتو (sābaʔtu) سابقو (sābaʔu)
f سابقتي (sābaʔti) سابقت (sābaʔat)
present m بسابق (basābeʔ) بتسابق (bitsābeʔ) بسابق (bisābeʔ) منسابق (minsābeʔ) بتسابقو (bitsābʔu) بسابقو (bisābʔu)
f بتسابقي (bitsābʔi) بتسابق (bitsābeʔ)
subjunctive m اسابق (asābeʔ) تسابق (tsābeʔ) يسابق (ysābeʔ) نسابق (nsābeʔ) تسابقو (tsābʔu) يسابقو (ysābʔu)
f تسابقي (tsābʔi) تسابق (tsābeʔ)
imperative m سابق (sābeʔ) سابقو (sābʔu)
f سابقي (sābʔi)

Urdu

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Classical Persian سابق (sābiq), from Arabic سَابِق (sābiq).

Adjective

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سابق (sābiq) (Hindi spelling साबिक़)

  1. former, prior, precedent, preceding, foregoing
  2. pertaining to the past; bygone, ancient
    Synonym: قَدِیم (qadīm)

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Classical Persian سابق (sābiq), from Arabic سَابِق (sābiq), agent noun of سَبَق (sabaq).

Noun

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سابق (sābiqm (Hindi spelling साबिक़)

  1. lecturer
  2. teacher

References

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  • سابق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • سابق”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.