Arabic

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Root
س ر د (s r d)
1 term

Etymology

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Cognate with Hebrew סֵדֶר (séder, order) and סִדְרָה (sidra, sequence, series)

Pronunciation

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Verb

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سَرَدَ (sarada) I (non-past يَسْرُدُ (yasrudu), verbal noun سَرْد (sard))

  1. to arrange one after the other
  2. to link (of chain and mail)
    Synonym: سَلْسَلَ (salsala)
  3. to sew, to fasten together
  4. to continue
    Synonym: وَصَلَ (waṣala)
  5. to detail in a sequence, to list
  6. to narrate, to report, to tell
    Synonyms: قَصَّ (qaṣṣa), رَوَى (rawā)

Conjugation

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Conjugation of سَرَدَ (I, sound, a ~ u, full passive, verbal noun سَرْد)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
سَرْد
sard
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
سَارِد
sārid
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مَسْرُود
masrūd
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m سَرَدْتُ
saradtu
سَرَدْتَ
saradta
سَرَدَ
sarada
سَرَدْتُمَا
saradtumā
سَرَدَا
saradā
سَرَدْنَا
saradnā
سَرَدْتُمْ
saradtum
سَرَدُوا
saradū
f سَرَدْتِ
saradti
سَرَدَتْ
saradat
سَرَدَتَا
saradatā
سَرَدْتُنَّ
saradtunna
سَرَدْنَ
saradna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أَسْرُدُ
ʔasrudu
تَسْرُدُ
tasrudu
يَسْرُدُ
yasrudu
تَسْرُدَانِ
tasrudāni
يَسْرُدَانِ
yasrudāni
نَسْرُدُ
nasrudu
تَسْرُدُونَ
tasrudūna
يَسْرُدُونَ
yasrudūna
f تَسْرُدِينَ
tasrudīna
تَسْرُدُ
tasrudu
تَسْرُدَانِ
tasrudāni
تَسْرُدْنَ
tasrudna
يَسْرُدْنَ
yasrudna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أَسْرُدَ
ʔasruda
تَسْرُدَ
tasruda
يَسْرُدَ
yasruda
تَسْرُدَا
tasrudā
يَسْرُدَا
yasrudā
نَسْرُدَ
nasruda
تَسْرُدُوا
tasrudū
يَسْرُدُوا
yasrudū
f تَسْرُدِي
tasrudī
تَسْرُدَ
tasruda
تَسْرُدَا
tasrudā
تَسْرُدْنَ
tasrudna
يَسْرُدْنَ
yasrudna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أَسْرُدْ
ʔasrud
تَسْرُدْ
tasrud
يَسْرُدْ
yasrud
تَسْرُدَا
tasrudā
يَسْرُدَا
yasrudā
نَسْرُدْ
nasrud
تَسْرُدُوا
tasrudū
يَسْرُدُوا
yasrudū
f تَسْرُدِي
tasrudī
تَسْرُدْ
tasrud
تَسْرُدَا
tasrudā
تَسْرُدْنَ
tasrudna
يَسْرُدْنَ
yasrudna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m اُسْرُدْ
usrud
اُسْرُدَا
usrudā
اُسْرُدُوا
usrudū
f اُسْرُدِي
usrudī
اُسْرُدْنَ
usrudna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m سُرِدْتُ
suridtu
سُرِدْتَ
suridta
سُرِدَ
surida
سُرِدْتُمَا
suridtumā
سُرِدَا
suridā
سُرِدْنَا
suridnā
سُرِدْتُمْ
suridtum
سُرِدُوا
suridū
f سُرِدْتِ
suridti
سُرِدَتْ
suridat
سُرِدَتَا
suridatā
سُرِدْتُنَّ
suridtunna
سُرِدْنَ
suridna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أُسْرَدُ
ʔusradu
تُسْرَدُ
tusradu
يُسْرَدُ
yusradu
تُسْرَدَانِ
tusradāni
يُسْرَدَانِ
yusradāni
نُسْرَدُ
nusradu
تُسْرَدُونَ
tusradūna
يُسْرَدُونَ
yusradūna
f تُسْرَدِينَ
tusradīna
تُسْرَدُ
tusradu
تُسْرَدَانِ
tusradāni
تُسْرَدْنَ
tusradna
يُسْرَدْنَ
yusradna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أُسْرَدَ
ʔusrada
تُسْرَدَ
tusrada
يُسْرَدَ
yusrada
تُسْرَدَا
tusradā
يُسْرَدَا
yusradā
نُسْرَدَ
nusrada
تُسْرَدُوا
tusradū
يُسْرَدُوا
yusradū
f تُسْرَدِي
tusradī
تُسْرَدَ
tusrada
تُسْرَدَا
tusradā
تُسْرَدْنَ
tusradna
يُسْرَدْنَ
yusradna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أُسْرَدْ
ʔusrad
تُسْرَدْ
tusrad
يُسْرَدْ
yusrad
تُسْرَدَا
tusradā
يُسْرَدَا
yusradā
نُسْرَدْ
nusrad
تُسْرَدُوا
tusradū
يُسْرَدُوا
yusradū
f تُسْرَدِي
tusradī
تُسْرَدْ
tusrad
تُسْرَدَا
tusradā
تُسْرَدْنَ
tusradna
يُسْرَدْنَ
yusradna

Noun

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سَرْد (sardm

  1. verbal noun of سَرَدَ (sarada) (form I)

Declension

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Declension of noun سَرْد (sard)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal سَرْد
sard
السَّرْد
as-sard
سَرْد
sard
nominative سَرْدٌ
sardun
السَّرْدُ
as-sardu
سَرْدُ
sardu
accusative سَرْدًا
sardan
السَّرْدَ
as-sarda
سَرْدَ
sarda
genitive سَرْدٍ
sardin
السَّرْدِ
as-sardi
سَرْدِ
sardi

Further reading

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  • Freytag, Georg (1833) “سرد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 307
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “سرد”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1043a
  • Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “سرد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1346.
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سرد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 490
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “سرد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 474

Persian

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Etymology

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From Middle Persian slt' (/⁠sard⁠/, cold).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? sard
Dari reading? sard
Iranian reading? sard
Tajik reading? sard
  • Audio (Iran):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ard

Adjective

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Dari سرد
Iranian Persian
Tajik сард

سرد (sard) (comparative سردتَر, superlative سردتَرین)

  1. cold (of temperature)
    Synonym: یخ (yax) (in Dari)
    Antonym: گرم (garm, warm)
    • c. 1260, Rumi, “3:3239”, in The Masnavi:
      دست و رو را شست و زان آب سرد.
      dast u ru-râ šost u zân âb-e sard.
      he washed his hands and face with that cold water.
      (Reynold A. Nicholson translation)
  2. (figurative) unenthusiastic, lukewarm, discouraged
    Antonym: گرم (garm, warm, enthusiastic)
  3. (figurative) cold, bitter
    آه سردâh-e sardbitter sigh

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Urdu

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Etymology 1

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From Sanskrit शरद् (śarad).

Noun

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سرد (saradf (Hindi spelling सरद)

  1. autumn
  2. fall (season)

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Classical Persian سرد (sard), from Middle Persian slt' (sard).

Adjective

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سرد (sard) (Hindi spelling सर्द)

  1. cold
    Synonym: ٹھنڈا (ṭhaṇḍā)

References

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  • John T. Platts (2012 July 31 (last accessed)) “A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)[4]