صباح

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ص ب ح (ṣ b ḥ)
15 terms

Cognate with Ge'ez ጽበሕ (ṣəbäḥ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤa.baːħ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

صَبَاح • (ṣabāḥ) m

1. (Modern Standard Arabic) the time from sunrise to noon, morning

   Synonym: (literary) ضُحَا (ḍuḥā, “forenoon”)

   Antonym: مَسَاء (masāʔ, “evening”)

   صَبَاحُ الْخَيْر ― ṣabāḥu l-ḵayr ― Good morning

2. (archaic) the time from morning twilight to sunrise, dayspring

   Synonyms: فَجْر (fajr, “dawn”), (literary) غَدَاة (ḡadāh, “daybreak”), (literary) بُكْرَة (bukra, “cockcrow”)

   Antonym: غَسَق (ḡasaq, “dusk”)

   Hypernym: نَهَار (nahār, “daytime”)

Declension

Declension of noun صَبَاح (ṣabāḥ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَبَاح ṣabāḥ	الصَّبَاح aṣ-ṣabāḥ	صَبَاح ṣabāḥ
Nominative	صَبَاحٌ ṣabāḥun	الصَّبَاحُ aṣ-ṣabāḥu	صَبَاحُ ṣabāḥu
Accusative	صَبَاحًا ṣabāḥan	الصَّبَاحَ aṣ-ṣabāḥa	صَبَاحَ ṣabāḥa
Genitive	صَبَاحٍ ṣabāḥin	الصَّبَاحِ aṣ-ṣabāḥi	صَبَاحِ ṣabāḥi

Derived terms

• صَبَاحَ مَسَاءَ (ṣabāḥa masāʔa)
• صَبَاحِيّ (ṣabāḥiyy)
• صَبَاحِيَّة (ṣabāḥiyya)

Related terms

• صُبْح (ṣubḥ)
• إِصْبَاح (ʔiṣbāḥ)

Descendants

• Maltese: sbieħ
• → Azerbaijani: sabah
• → Judeo-Tat: сэбэхь (səbəħ)
• → Northern Kurdish: sibê
• → Karaim: сабахъ
• → Middle Armenian: սաբահ (sabah), սապահ (sapah), սաբան (saban), սէպահ (sēpah), սաբախ (sabax)
• → Ottoman Turkish: صباح (sabah)
  • Turkish: sabah
  • → Crimean Tatar: saba
  • → Macedonian: сабајле (sabajle)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: sàbāh / са̀ба̄х
• → Tarifit: ṣṣbeḥ

Etymology 2

Root
ص ب ح (ṣ b ḥ)
15 terms

Adjective

صُبَاح or صُبَّاح • (ṣubāḥ or ṣubbāḥ) (feminine صَبْحَى (ṣabḥā), common plural صِبَاح (ṣibāḥ) or صُبَاحَى (ṣubāḥā))

1. pretty, comely, handsome, graceful

Declension

Declension of adjective صُبَاح (ṣubāḥ)‎; صُبَّاح (ṣubbāḥ)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular invariable
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	صُبَاح‎; صُبَّاح ṣubāḥ‎; ṣubbāḥ	الصُّبَاح‎; الصُّبَّاح aṣ-ṣubāḥ‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥ	صَبْحَى ṣabḥā	الصَّبْحَى aṣ-ṣabḥā
Nominative	صُبَاحٌ‎; صُبَّاحٌ ṣubāḥun‎; ṣubbāḥun	الصُّبَاحُ‎; الصُّبَّاحُ aṣ-ṣubāḥu‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥu	صَبْحَى ṣabḥā	الصَّبْحَى aṣ-ṣabḥā
Accusative	صُبَاحًا‎; صُبَّاحًا ṣubāḥan‎; ṣubbāḥan	الصُّبَاحَ‎; الصُّبَّاحَ aṣ-ṣubāḥa‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥa	صَبْحَى ṣabḥā	الصَّبْحَى aṣ-ṣabḥā
Genitive	صُبَاحٍ‎; صُبَّاحٍ ṣubāḥin‎; ṣubbāḥin	الصُّبَاحِ‎; الصُّبَّاحِ aṣ-ṣubāḥi‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥi	صَبْحَى ṣabḥā	الصَّبْحَى aṣ-ṣabḥā
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	صُبَاحَيْن‎; صُبَّاحَيْن ṣubāḥayn‎; ṣubbāḥayn	الصُّبَاحَيْن‎; الصُّبَّاحَيْن aṣ-ṣubāḥayn‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥayn	صَبْحَيَيْن ṣabḥayayn	الصَّبْحَيَيْن aṣ-ṣabḥayayn
Nominative	صُبَاحَانِ‎; صُبَّاحَانِ ṣubāḥāni‎; ṣubbāḥāni	الصُّبَاحَانِ‎; الصُّبَّاحَانِ aṣ-ṣubāḥāni‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥāni	صَبْحَيَانِ ṣabḥayāni	الصَّبْحَيَانِ aṣ-ṣabḥayāni
Accusative	صُبَاحَيْنِ‎; صُبَّاحَيْنِ ṣubāḥayni‎; ṣubbāḥayni	الصُّبَاحَيْنِ‎; الصُّبَّاحَيْنِ aṣ-ṣubāḥayni‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥayni	صَبْحَيَيْنِ ṣabḥayayni	الصَّبْحَيَيْنِ aṣ-ṣabḥayayni
Genitive	صُبَاحَيْنِ‎; صُبَّاحَيْنِ ṣubāḥayni‎; ṣubbāḥayni	الصُّبَاحَيْنِ‎; الصُّبَّاحَيْنِ aṣ-ṣubāḥayni‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥayni	صَبْحَيَيْنِ ṣabḥayayni	الصَّبْحَيَيْنِ aṣ-ṣabḥayayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural invariable		basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural invariable
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	صِبَاح‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥ‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاح‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥ‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā	صِبَاح‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥ‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاح‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥ‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā
Nominative	صِبَاحٌ‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥun‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحُ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥu‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā	صِبَاحٌ‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥun‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحُ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥu‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā
Accusative	صِبَاحًا‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥan‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحَ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥa‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā	صِبَاحًا‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥan‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحَ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥa‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā
Genitive	صِبَاحٍ‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥin‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحِ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥi‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā	صِبَاحٍ‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥin‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحِ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥi‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā

Synonyms

• صَبْحَان (ṣabḥān)
• صَبِيح (ṣabīḥ)
• صَبُوح (ṣabūḥ)

Related terms

• صَبَاحَة (ṣabāḥa, “beauty, grace”)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

صِبَاح • (ṣibāḥ) m pl

1. masculine plural of صَبِيح (ṣabīḥ)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَبَاح (ṣabāḥ, “morning”).

Noun

صباح • (sabah) (definite accusative صباحی (sabahı), plural صباحلر (sabahlar))

1. morning, forenoon, the part of the day between sunrise and noon

   Synonym: بام (bam)

Derived terms

• صباح الخیر (sabahüʼl-hayr, “white patch on a horse's forehead”)
• صباح اولمق (sabah olmak, “to become morning”)
• صباح قالقیجی (sabah kalkıcı, “that wakes up in the morning”)
• صباح نمازی (sabah namâzı, “fajr, dawn prayer”)
• صباح وقتی (sabah vakiti, “daybreak”)
• صباح یلدزی (sabah yıldızı, “Venus, the morning star”)
• صباحجی (sabahcı, “early riser”)
• صباحخیز (sabahhiz, “who rises with the dawn”)
• صباحدن (sabahden, “from early morning”)
• صباحكی (sabahki, “in the morning”)
• صباحلاتمق (sabahlatmak, “to cause someone to stay awake until morning”)
• صباحلامق (sabahlamak, “to become morning”)
• صباحلاین (sabahleyin, “at daybreak”)
• صباحلری (sabahları, “in the morning”)
• صباحه چیقمق (sabaha çıkmak, “to wait for the morning”)
• صباحی (sabahî, “pertaining to the morning”)
• چین صباح (çin sabah, “just at daybreak”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: sabah
• → Crimean Tatar: saba
• → Macedonian: сабајле (sabajle)
• → Serbo-Croatian: sàbāh / са̀ба̄х

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “صباح”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 196
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sabah”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3993
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “sabâh”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1084
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “صباح”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 754
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Mane”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1000
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “صباح”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2928
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sabah”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “صباح”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1165

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَبَاح (ṣabāḥ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [sa.βɑːh]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.bɑːʱ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.bɑːʱ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sä.bɑː], [sʊ.bɑː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [su.bɔː]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæ.bɒːʱ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæ.bɒːʱ]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [se.bɒːʱ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.bɔʱ]

Readings
Classical reading?	saḇāh
Dari reading?	sabāh
Iranian reading?	sabâh
Tajik reading?	saboh

Adverb

Dari	صباح, فردا
Iranian Persian	فردا
Tajik	пагоҳ

صباح • (sabâh) (chiefly Dari or Eastern Iran)

1. (typically colloquial) tomorrow

Noun

صباح • (sabâh)

1. morning

   Synonyms: صبح (sobh), پگاه (pagâh), بامداد (bâmdâd)

2. (chiefly Dari or Eastern Iran, typically colloquial) tomorrow

Further reading

• Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “صباح”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 240
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “صباح”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “صباح”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• “صباح”, in The Wilson English - Dari Dictionary (Webonary), SIL International, 2013