ضد
Arabic
editEtymology 1.1
editFrom the root ض د د (ḍ-d-d). Likely related to Hebrew צד (tsád).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editضِدّ • (ḍidd) m (plural أَضْدَاد (ʔaḍdād))
- opposite, contrast
- اَلسَّوَادُ ضِدُّ الْبَيَاضِ
- as-sawādu ḍiddu l-bayāḍi
- The black is an opposite of the white.
- alike, equal, match, counterpart
- لَيْسَ لَهُ ضِدٌّ فِي ٱجْتِهَادِهِ
- laysa lahu ḍiddun fī jtihādihi
- There is no equivalent to his diligence.
- (semantics) word with two opposite meanings; auto-antonym
- antonym
- adversary, opponent
- antitoxin, antidote, anti-
Declension
editDeclension of noun ضِدّ (ḍidd)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | ضِدّ ḍidd |
الضِّدّ aḍ-ḍidd |
ضِدّ ḍidd |
Nominative | ضِدٌّ ḍiddun |
الضِّدُّ aḍ-ḍiddu |
ضِدُّ ḍiddu |
Accusative | ضِدًّا ḍiddan |
الضِّدَّ aḍ-ḍidda |
ضِدَّ ḍidda |
Genitive | ضِدٍّ ḍiddin |
الضِّدِّ aḍ-ḍiddi |
ضِدِّ ḍiddi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | ضِدَّيْن ḍiddayn |
الضِّدَّيْن aḍ-ḍiddayn |
ضِدَّيْ ḍidday |
Nominative | ضِدَّانِ ḍiddāni |
الضِّدَّانِ aḍ-ḍiddāni |
ضِدَّا ḍiddā |
Accusative | ضِدَّيْنِ ḍiddayni |
الضِّدَّيْنِ aḍ-ḍiddayni |
ضِدَّيْ ḍidday |
Genitive | ضِدَّيْنِ ḍiddayni |
الضِّدَّيْنِ aḍ-ḍiddayni |
ضِدَّيْ ḍidday |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَضْدَاد ʔaḍdād |
الْأَضْدَاد al-ʔaḍdād |
أَضْدَاد ʔaḍdād |
Nominative | أَضْدَادٌ ʔaḍdādun |
الْأَضْدَادُ al-ʔaḍdādu |
أَضْدَادُ ʔaḍdādu |
Accusative | أَضْدَادًا ʔaḍdādan |
الْأَضْدَادَ al-ʔaḍdāda |
أَضْدَادَ ʔaḍdāda |
Genitive | أَضْدَادٍ ʔaḍdādin |
الْأَضْدَادِ al-ʔaḍdādi |
أَضْدَادِ ʔaḍdādi |
Descendants
edit- → Azerbaijani: zidd
- → Crimean Tatar: zıt
- → Karaim: зыт
- → Krymchak: зыт
- → Ottoman Turkish: ضد (żıd, żıt)
- > Turkish: zıt (inherited)
- → Tatar: зыт (zıt)
- → Uyghur: زىت (zit)
- → Uzbek: zid
Etymology 1.2
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editضِدَّ • (ḍidda)
Inflection
editInflected forms | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | ضِدَّ (ḍidda) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
First person | ضِدِّي (ḍiddī) | ضِدَّنَا (ḍiddanā) | |||
Second person | ضِدَّكَ (ḍiddaka) | ضِدَّكِ (ḍiddaki) | ضِدَّكُمَا (ḍiddakumā) | ضِدَّكُمْ (ḍiddakum) | ضِدَّكُنَّ (ḍiddakunna) |
Third person | ضِدَّهُ (ḍiddahu) | ضِدَّهَا (ḍiddahā) | ضِدَّهُمَا (ḍiddahumā) | ضِدَّهُمْ (ḍiddahum) | ضِدَّهُنَّ (ḍiddahunna) |
Moroccan Arabic
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editضد • (ḍadd) m (plural ضدود (ḍdūd) or ضدودة (ḍdūda))
Etymology 2
editPreposition
editضد • (ḍadd)
Inflection
editInflected forms of ضد | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | ضد (ḍadd) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | ضدي (ḍaddi) | ضدنا (ḍaddna) | |||
2nd person | ضدك (ḍaddak) | ضدكي (ḍaddki) | ضدكم (ḍaddkum) | ||
3rd person | ضده (ḍaddu) | ضدها (ḍaddha) | ضدهم (ḍaddhum) |
Persian
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [zið]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [zed̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zid̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ziḏ |
Dari reading? | zid |
Iranian reading? | zed |
Tajik reading? | zid |
Adjective
editDari | ضد |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | зид, зидд |
ضد • (zedd)
Noun
editDari | ضد |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | зид, зидд |
ضد • (zedd)
- opposition
- contrary
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3865:
- که ز ضدها ضدها آمد پدید
در سویدا روشنایی آفرید- ki zi zidd-hā zidd-hā āmad padīd
dar suwaydā rōšanāyī afarīd - For contraries are manifested by means of contraries:
in the black core (of the heart) He (God) created the light (of love).
- ki zi zidd-hā zidd-hā āmad padīd
- adversary
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editFrom ضد (zedd) + ezafe.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ˈzið.di]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [zéd̪.d̪e]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zíd̪.d̪i]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ziḏḏ-i |
Dari reading? | zidd-i |
Iranian reading? | zedd-e |
Tajik reading? | zidd-i |
Preposition
editDari | ضد |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | зидди |
ضد • (zedd-e)
South Levantine Arabic
editRoot |
---|
ض د د |
1 term |
Etymology
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editضدّ • (ḍidd)
Urdu
editEtymology
editFirst attested in c. 1665 as Middle Hindi ضد (zid, zidd), borrowed from Classical Persian ضِدّ (zidd), itself from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd). Cognate with Punjabi ضِدّ (ẓidd).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editضِد • (zid) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ज़िद)
- (formal) contrary; opposite
- 1987, آنریبل سیّد امیر علی [Honourable Sayyid Ameer Ali], translated by محمدؐ ہادی حسین [Muhammad Hadi Hussain], رُوحِ اِسْلَام [rūh-i islām, The Spirit of Islam][1], Lahore, pages 16-17:
- موت کے بعد انسان کی تقدیر کے بارے میں بدھ مت کا جو تصور تھا وہ برہمی نظریوں کی عین ضد تھا
- maut ke ba'd insān kī taqdīr ke bāre mẽ budh mat kā jo tasavvar thā vo barhamī nazariyõ kī 'ain zid thā
- The Buddhist concept of the destiny of man after death was completely opposite to Brahmanist theories.
Noun
editضِد • (zid) f (Hindi spelling ज़िद)
- stubbornness (connoted with ego; anger)
- 1986, شیخ محمد عبد اللہ [Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah], آتِشِ چِنار [ātiś-i cinār][2], Srinagar, →OCLC, page 514:
- انھوں نے بڑے اصرار کے ساتھ مجھ سے کہا کہ "ضِد چھوڑ دو۔ اِس معمولی بات پر معاملات کو بگڑنے نہ دو۔"
- unhõ ne baṛe isrār ke sāth mujh se kahā ki "zid choṛ do. is ma'mūlī bāt par mu'āmalāt ko bigaṛne na do."
- He insistently told me "Leave this stubbornness of yours. Don't let affairs deteriorate over this trivial matter."
- egotism, selfishness
- opposition, enmity, contrariety
- (semantics) antonym
Declension
editDeclension of ضد | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | ضِدّ (zidd) | ضِدّیں (ziddẽ) |
oblique | ضِدّ (zidd) | ضِدّوں (ziddõ) |
vocative | ضِدّ (zidd) | ضِدّو (ziddo) |
Derived terms
editDerived terms
- ضِدّی (ziddī, “stubborn”)
- ضِد کَرْنا (zid karnā, “to be stubborn; persistent”)
Further reading
edit- “ضد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “ضد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “ضد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “ضد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 748
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “ضد”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 835
- John Shakespear (1834) “ضد”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ض د د
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- ar:Semantics
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with audio links
- Arabic prepositions
- Arabic autological terms
- Arabic contranyms
- Moroccan Arabic 1-syllable words
- Moroccan Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Moroccan Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic lemmas
- Moroccan Arabic nouns
- Moroccan Arabic masculine nouns
- Moroccan Arabic prepositions
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from the Arabic root ض د د
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian adjectives
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with quotations
- Persian prepositions
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root ض د د
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic prepositions
- Urdu terms inherited from Middle Hindi
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Hindi
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root ض د د
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɪd̪
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɪd̪/1 syllable
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu adjectives
- Urdu indeclinable adjectives
- Urdu formal terms
- Urdu terms with quotations
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- ur:Semantics
- Urdu nouns with declension