anti-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "anti"

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-)der.

English anti-

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Doublet of ante-.

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /ˈænˌti/, /ˈæn.tɪ/
(US) IPA^(key): /ˈæn.ti/, /ˈænˌtaɪ/, /ˈæn.tə/
Audio (US): (file)

Prefix

anti-

Against, opposed to.
Synonym: counter-

Antonym: pro-

‎anti- + ‎abortion → ‎antiabortion

‎anti- + ‎racism → ‎antiracism
Counteracting, neutralizing.
Synonym: counter-

‎anti- + ‎aircraft → ‎antiaircraft

‎anti- + ‎freeze → ‎antifreeze

‎anti- + ‎bacterial → ‎antibacterial
The opposite of what is typically expected.
‎anti- + ‎hero → ‎antihero (“a protagonist who acts in an unheroic manner”)

‎anti- + ‎climax → ‎anticlimax (“a failed or reverse climax”)

‎anti- + ‎chess → ‎antichess (“a variant of chess where the goal is to lose all of one's pieces”)
Physically opposite, reverse in position or direction.
‎anti- + ‎clockwise → ‎anticlockwise

‎anti- + ‎Arctic → ‎Antarctic
A rival or counterpart to.
‎anti- + ‎pope → ‎antipope (“a person who claims to be the real pope”)

‎anti- + ‎Christ → ‎Antichrist
(particle physics) Composed of antimatter.
‎anti- + ‎electron → ‎antielectron

‎anti- + ‎galaxy → ‎antigalaxy
(immunology) Reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal.
‎anti- + ‎rabbit → ‎antirabbit

‎anti- + ‎horse → ‎antihorse

Usage notes

anti- should not be confused with the prefix ante- of Latin (not Greek) origin meaning “before”. (However, anti- does exist as a variant spelling of ante- in some borrowed words, such as anticipate and antipasto, but this spelling cannot be used to coin English words.)
anti- sometimes becomes ant- before words beginning in a vowel, as does ante-: antacid.
In British English, the anti- forms are often hyphenated as evidenced by OED's many anti- entries using hyphen. However, the exact convention significantly varies.
GPO manual recommends using a hyphen when prefixing capitalized words except when usage dictates otherwise.^[1] This is matched by usual practice: anti-American or anti-Christian.

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with anti-

antiacetylcholinesterase

Translations

against, hostile to

Arabic: ضِدّ (ḍidd), مُضَادّ (muḍādd), نَقِيض (naqīḍ)
Armenian: հակա- (haka-)
Azerbaijani: anti-
Catalan: anti- (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 反- (zh) (fǎn-), 抗 (zh) (kàng), 非 (zh) (fēi), 反對 / 反对 (zh) (fǎnduì)
Cornish: gorth-
Czech: anti- (cs), proti-
Dutch: anti- (nl)
Esperanto: kontraŭ-
Estonian: anti- (et)
Finnish: anti- (fi), vasta- (fi), epä- (fi)
French: anti- (fr)
Galician: anti- (gl)
Georgian: ანტი- (anṭi-)
German: gegen- (de), anti- (de)
Greek: αντι- (el) (anti-)
Hebrew: אנטי־ (anti-)
Hindi: प्रति- (prati-)
Hungarian: ellen- (hu), -ellenes (hu), elleni (hu), anti- (hu)
Ido: anti-
Irish: anta-
Italian: anti- (it)
Japanese: 反- (ja) (はん-, han-), 非 (ja) (ひ, hi), 逆 (ja) (ぎゃく, gyaku), 反対 (ja) (はんたい, hantai)
Kapampangan: kontra-, pangontra-
Korean: 안티 (anti), 반(反)- (ban-)
Latin: contra-
Latvian: pret-, anti-
Macedonian: против- (protiv-), анти- (anti-)
Malay: anti- (ms)
Maori: ātete
Middle Persian: 𐭩𐭥𐭲 (yʿt /⁠ǰud-⁠/)
Old English: wiþer-
Persian: آنتی (fa) (ânti-), پادـ (pâd-)
Polish: anty- (pl), przeciw- (pl)
Portuguese: anti- (pt)
Romanian: anti- (ro), contra- (ro)
Russian: про́тиво- (ru) (prótivo-), противо- (ru) (protivo-), а́нти- (ru) (ánti-), анти- (ru) (anti-)
Spanish: anti- (es), contra- (es)
Swedish: anti- (sv)
Tamil: எதிர் (ta) (etir)
Vietnamese: chống (vi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} anti- (no)

References

^ 6. Compounding Rules in U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, govinfo.gov

Anagrams

nait, Atin, ain't, aniṭ, Tian, tain, tian, tina, Tani, aint, Tain, TINA, -itan, NAIT, Tina

Basque

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /anti/ [ãn̪.t̪i]
Hyphenation: an‧ti-

Prefix

anti-

anti-

Derived terms

Basque terms prefixed with anti-

antiheroi

antimikrobiar

Catalan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˌan.ti]

Prefix

anti-

anti

Derived terms

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈantɪ]

Prefix

anti-

anti-
Synonym: proti-

Derived terms

Danish

Prefix

anti-

anti-

Derived terms

Danish terms prefixed with anti-

Dutch

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑn.ti/
Audio: (file)

Prefix

anti-

anti-

Derived terms

Descendants

→ Indonesian: anti-

Esperanto

Etymology

Derived from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈanti/
Rhymes: -anti
Hyphenation: an‧ti

Prefix

anti-

anti-

Derived terms

Esperanto terms prefixed with anti-

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see English anti-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑnti-/, [ˈɑ̝n̪t̪i-]

Prefix

anti-

anti-

Derived terms

Anagrams

nait, tain, tina

French

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.ti/
Audio: (file)

Prefix

anti-

anti-

Derived terms

French terms prefixed with anti-

anticonscriptionniste

anticonservateur

anticonsommateur

anticonstitutionnaire

Galician

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

Prefix

anti-

anti-

Derived terms

From

.

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Classifier

anti-

classifier for weeks

Synonyms

sopta

German

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”), influenced by Latin borrowings from Greek beginning with anti- (like Antichristus) and German borrowings from Latin or Greek. Doublet of ent-.