Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From the root ظ ل م (ẓ-l-m). Compare Aramaic טלם.

Verb edit

ظَلَمَ (ẓalama) I, non-past يَظْلِمُ‎ (yaẓlimu)

  1. to wrong, to treat unjustly, to oppress
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 42:42:
      إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَظْلِمُونَ النَّاسَ وَيَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
      ʔinnamā s-sabīlu ʕalā allaḏīna yaẓlimūna an-nāsa wayabḡūna fī l-ʔarḍi biḡayri l-ḥaqqi ʔulāʔika lahum ʕaḏābun ʔalīmun
      Indeed, the blame lieth only upon those ones who oppress [their fellow] Man, and who are insolent throughout the earth without any right whatsoever. They are those for whom a punishment most painful [will suffice].

Conjugation edit

References edit

Verb edit

ظَلِمَ (ẓalima) I, non-past يَظْلَمُ‎ (yaẓlamu)

  1. to become dark

Conjugation edit

Verb edit

ظَلَّمَ (ẓallama) II, non-past يُظَلِّمُ‎ (yuẓallimu)

  1. to be in the least unjust

Conjugation edit

Noun edit

ظُلْم (ẓulmm

  1. verbal noun of ظَلَمَ (ẓalama) (form I)
  2. wrong, wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, tyranny

Declension edit

Synonyms edit

Descendants edit

References edit

Noun edit

ظُلَم (ẓulamf pl

  1. plural of ظُلْمَة (ẓulma)

Noun edit

ظَلْم (ẓalmm

  1. verbal noun of ظَلَمَ (ẓalama) (form I)

Declension edit

Hijazi Arabic edit

Root
ظ ل م
1 term

Etymology 1 edit

Learned borrowing from Arabic ظَلَمَ (ẓalama).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /zˤa.lam/, /ðˤa.lam/

Verb edit

ظَلَم (ẓalam) I (non-past يِظْلُم (yiẓlum))

  1. to wrong, to treat unjustly, to oppress
Conjugation edit
    Conjugation of ظلم (ẓalam)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلم (ẓalam) ظلمنا (ẓalamna) ظلمتوا (ẓalamtu) ظلموا (ẓalamu)
f ظلمتي (ẓalamti) ظلمت (ẓalamat)
non-past m أظلم (ʔaẓlum) تظلم (tiẓlum) يظلم (yiẓlum) نظلم (niẓlum) تظلموا (tiẓlumu) يظلموا (yiẓlumu)
f تظلمي (tiẓlumi) تظلم (tiẓlum)
imperative m اظلم (aẓlum) اظلموا (aẓlumu)
f اظلمي (aẓlumi)

Etymology 2 edit

From Arabic ظَلَّمَ (ẓallama).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /dˤal.lam/, /ðˤal.lam/

Verb edit

ظَلَّمْ (ḍallam) II (non-past يِظَلِّم (yiḍallim))

  1. to get dark
Conjugation edit
    Conjugation of ظلم (ḍallam)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ظلمت (ḍallamt) ظلمت (ḍallamt) ظلم (ḍallam) ظلمنا (ḍallamna) ظلمتوا (ḍallamtu) ظلموا (ḍallamu)
f ظلمتي (ḍallamti) ظلمت (ḍallamat)
non-past m أظلم (ʔaḍallim) تظلم (tiḍallim) يظلم (yiḍallim) نظلم (niḍallim) تظلموا (tiḍallimu) يظلموا (yiḍallimu)
f تظلمي (tiḍallimi) تظلم (tiḍallim)
imperative m ظلم (ḍallim) ظلموا (ḍallimu)
f ظلمي (ḍallimi)

Etymology 3 edit

Learned borrowing from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ظلم (ẓulmm

  1. injustice, injuriousness, tyranny

South Levantine Arabic edit

Root
ظ ل م
1 term

Etymology edit

Learned borrowing from Arabic ظَلَمَ (ẓalama).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /zˤa.lam/, [ˈzˤɑ.lɑm]
  • (file)

Verb edit

ظلم (ẓalam) I (present بظلم (boẓlom), passive participle مظلوم (maẓlūm))

  1. to wrong, to treat unjustly
  2. to oppress

Conjugation edit

    Conjugation of ظلم (ẓalam)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلم (ẓalam) ظلمنا (ẓalamna) ظلمتو (ẓalamtu) ظلمو (ẓalamu)
f ظلمتي (ẓalamti) ظلمت (ẓalmat)
present m بظلم (baẓlom) بتظلم (btoẓlom) بظلم (boẓlom) منظلم (mnoẓlom) بتظلمو (btoẓlomu) بظلمو (boẓlomu)
f بتظلمي (btoẓlomi) بتظلم (btoẓlom)
subjunctive m أظلم (ʔaẓlom) تظلم (toẓlom) يظلم (yoẓlom) نظلم (noẓlom) تظلمو (toẓlomu) يظلمو (yoẓlomu)
f تظلمي (toẓlomi) تظلم (toẓlom)
imperative m اظلم (oẓlom) اظلمو (oẓlomu)
f اظلمي (oẓlomi)

Urdu edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm, injustice) (through Classical Persian ظلم (zulm)).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ظُلْم (zulmm (Hindi spelling ज़ुल्म)

  1. wrongdoing, misdeed, injustice
    Synonym: ناانصافی (nāinsāfī)
  2. tyranny, oppression
    Synonym: جبر (jabr)

Declension edit

Declension of ظلم
singular plural
direct ظُلم (zulm) ظُلم (zulm)
oblique ظُلم (zulm) ظُلموں (zulmō̃)
vocative ظُلم (zulm) ظُلمو (zulmō)

Related terms edit

References edit

  • ظلم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • ظلم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.