يوم

See also: یوم‎ and يؤم‎

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ي و م‎ (y-w-m). From Proto-Semitic *yawm-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jawm/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

يَوْم • (yawm) m (plural أَيَّام‎ (ʔayyām))

1. day, period from sunrise to sunset

   Antonym: لَيْلَة‎ (layla)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 69:7:

     ‏سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَثَمَانِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ حُسُومًا فَتَرَى الْقَوْمَ فِيهَا صَرْعَى كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ خَاوِيَةٍ‎

     saḵḵarahā ʕalayhim sabʕa layālin wa-ṯamāniyata ʔayyāmin ḥusūman fa-tarā l-qawma fīhā ṣarʕā kaʔannahum ʔaʕjāzu naḵlin ḵāwiyatin

     Which Allah imposed upon them for seven nights and eight days in succession, so you would see the people therein fallen as if they were hollow trunks of palm trees.

2. day, period of twenty-four hours

   ‏فِي يَوْمٍ مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ‎ ― fī yawmin mina l-ʔayyāmi ― once (in the past), once upon a time

3. (singular only) Judgement Day
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 76:7:

     ‏يُوفُونَ بِالنَّذْرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا كَانَ شَرُّهُ مُسْتَطِيرًا‎

     yūfūna bi-n-naḏri wayaḵāfūna yawman kāna šarruhu mustaṭīran

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

4. (uncommon, Classical Arabic) (day of) battle

Declension

Declension of noun يَوْم (yawm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	يَوْم yawm	الْيَوْم‎ al-yawm	يَوْم yawm
Nominative	يَوْمٌ yawmun	الْيَوْمُ‎ al-yawmu	يَوْمُ yawmu
Accusative	يَوْمًا‎ yawman	الْيَوْمَ‎ al-yawma	يَوْمَ yawma
Genitive	يَوْمٍ yawmin	الْيَوْمِ‎ al-yawmi	يَوْمِ yawmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	يَوْمَيْن‎ yawmayn	الْيَوْمَيْن‎ al-yawmayn	يَوْمَيْ‎ yawmay
Nominative	يَوْمَانِ‎ yawmāni	الْيَوْمَانِ‎ al-yawmāni	يَوْمَا‎ yawmā
Accusative	يَوْمَيْنِ‎ yawmayni	الْيَوْمَيْنِ‎ al-yawmayni	يَوْمَيْ‎ yawmay
Genitive	يَوْمَيْنِ‎ yawmayni	الْيَوْمَيْنِ‎ al-yawmayni	يَوْمَيْ‎ yawmay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَيَّام‎ ʔayyām	الْأَيَّام‎ al-ʔayyām	أَيَّام‎ ʔayyām
Nominative	أَيَّامٌ‎ ʔayyāmun	الْأَيَّامُ‎ al-ʔayyāmu	أَيَّامُ‎ ʔayyāmu
Accusative	أَيَّامًا‎ ʔayyāman	الْأَيَّامَ‎ al-ʔayyāma	أَيَّامَ‎ ʔayyāma
Genitive	أَيَّامٍ‎ ʔayyāmin	الْأَيَّامِ‎ al-ʔayyāmi	أَيَّامِ‎ ʔayyāmi

Derived terms

• يَوْمًا‎ (yawman)
• الْيَوْمَ‎ (al-yawma)
• يَوْمِيّ‎ (yawmiyy)
• يَوْمِيَّة‎ (yawmiyya)
• يَوْمَئِذٍ‎ (yawmaʔiḏin)
• يَوْمَذَاكَ‎ (yawmaḏāka)
• يَوْمٌ لَكَ وَيَوْمٌ عَلَيْكَ‎ (yawmun laka wayawmun ʕalayka, proverb)

Descendants

• Egyptian Arabic: يوم‎ (yōm)
• Gulf Arabic: يوم‎ (yōm)
• Hijazi Arabic: يوم‎ (yōm)
• Maltese: jum
• Moroccan Arabic: يوم‎ (yūm)
• → Ottoman Turkish: یوم‎ (yevm)
  • Turkish: yevm
• → Persian: یوم‎ (yowm)
  • → Urdu: یوم‎ (yaum)

Conjunction

يَوْمَ • (yawma)

1. at the day when
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 79:46:

     ‏كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَهَا لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا عَشِيَّةً أَوْ ضُحَاهَا‎

     kaʔannahum yawma yarawnahā lam yalbaṯū ʔillā ʕašiyyatan ʔaw ḍuḥāhā

     It will be, on the Day they see it, as though they had not remained except for an afternoon or a morning thereof.

Related terms

• يَاوَمَ‎ (yāwama)

See also

• نَهَار‎ (nahār)
• لَيْل‎ (layl)

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “يوم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم‎ (yawm).

Noun

يوم • (yūm) m (dual يومين‎ (yūmēn), plural أيام‎ (ayyām) or تيام (paucal)‎ (tiyām))

1. day

Coordinate terms

• ليلة‎ (līla, “night”)
• نهار‎ (nahār, “daytime”)
• ليل‎ (līl, “nighttime”)

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم‎ (yawm).

Pronunciation

• (Kuwaiti Gulf Arabic) IPA^(key): /joːm/

Noun

يوم • (yōm) m (dual يومين‎ (yōmēn), plural ايام‎ (ayyām))

1. day

   ‏ما بتروحون معرض يوم البحار؟‎‎

   Are you not going to the Sailor Day fair?

   ‏اليوم مو يومي‎ ― il-yōm mū yōmi ― Today is not my day

2. (usually in the plural) time, era, age

   ‏ايام الغزو‎

   the time of the invasion

   ‏ايام الشاه‎

   the Shah era

Derived terms

• اليوم‎ (il-yōm, “today”)

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم‎ (yawm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joːm/, [jo̞ːm]

Noun

يوم • (yōm) m (plural أيَّام‎ (ʼyyām))

1. day

Malay

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم‎ (yawm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jaom]
• Rhymes: -aom, -om

Noun

يوم (Rumi spelling yaum, plural يوم-يوم or يوم۲‎, informal 1st possessive يومکو‎, 2nd possessive يوممو‎, 3rd possessive يومڽ‎)

1. day (period of 24 hours)
2. day (period from midnight to the following midnight)
3. day (rotational period of a planet)
4. day (part of a day period which one spends at one’s job, school, etc.)

Synonyms

• هاري‎ (hari)

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم‎ (yawm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /juːm/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

يوم • (yūm) m (dual يومين‎ (yūmayn), plural إيام‎ (ʔiyyām) or إيامات‎ (ʔiyyāmāt))

1. day

   Synonym: نهار‎ (nhār)

   Antonym: ليل‎ (līl)

2. (usually in the plural) time, era, age

Derived terms

• اليوم‎ (el-yūma, “today”)

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم‎ (yawm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joːm/

Noun

يوم • (yōm) m or f (plural ايام‎ (ʾiyyām))

1. day

Usage notes

• Despite appearing masculine, the word is often feminine when definite. For example, it can be used with a feminine determiner like هديك اليوم (hadīk l-yōm, “that day”) instead of a masculine one like هيداك اليوم (haydāk l-yom, “that day”), and it can appear as يومتـ (yawmit-, yōmit-) in the construct state.

Pashto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jum/

Noun

يوم • (yûm) m

1. spade

Declension

declension of يوم

	singular		plural
direct	يوم (yûm)		يومونه‎ (yûmuna)
oblique	يوم (yûm)		يومونو‎ (yûmuno)
vocative	يومه‎ (yûma)		يومونو‎ (yûmuno)

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم‎ (yawm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joːm/, [joːm]

• Audio (Amman)

  (file)

Noun

يوم • (yōm) m (plural أيّام‎ (ʔayyām))

1. day

   Antonym: ليلة‎ (lēle)

Derived terms

• اليوم‎ (il-yōm, “today”)

See also

• نهار‎ (nhār, “daytime”)
• ليل‎ (lēl, “nighttime”)
• (units of time) وحدات الوقت‎ (waḥdāt il-waʔt); سنة‎ (sane, “year”), شهر‎ (šahr, “month”), أسبوع‎ (ʔusbūʕ, “week”), يوم (yōm, “day”), ساعة‎ (sāʕa, “hour”), دقيقة‎ (daʔīʔa, “minute”), ثانية‎ (ṯānye, “second”), لحظة‎ (laḥẓa, “moment”)