يوم

See also: یوم and يؤم

Arabic

Root
ي و م (y w m)
3 terms

Etymology 1.1

From Proto-Semitic *yawm-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jawm/

Noun

يَوْم • (yawm) m (plural أَيَّام (ʔayyām))

day, period from sunrise to sunset
Antonym: لَيْلَة (layla)

أَذْهَبُ إِلَى ٱلْمَدْرَسَةِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ.
ʔaḏhabu ʔilā l-madrasati kulla yawmin.
I go to school every day.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 69:7:
  سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَثَمَانِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ حُسُومًا فَتَرَى الْقَوْمَ فِيهَا صَرْعَى كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ خَاوِيَةٍ
  saḵḵarahā ʕalayhim sabʕa layālin wa-ṯamāniyata ʔayyāmin ḥusūman fa-tarā l-qawma fīhā ṣarʕā kaʔannahum ʔaʕjāzu naḵlin ḵāwiyatin
  Which Allah imposed upon them for seven nights and eight days in succession, so you would see the people therein fallen as if they were hollow trunks of palm trees.
day, period of twenty-four hours
فِي يَوْمٍ مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ ― fī yawmin mina l-ʔayyāmi ― once (in the past), once upon a time
(singular only) Judgment Day
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 76:7:
  يُوفُونَ بِالنَّذْرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا كَانَ شَرُّهُ مُسْتَطِيرًا
  yūfūna bi-n-naḏri wa-yaḵāfūna yawman kāna šarruhu mustaṭīran
  They fulfil [their] vows and fear a Day of sweeping horror,
(uncommon, Classical Arabic) (day of) battle

Declension

Declension of noun **يَوْم** (yawm)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	يَوْم yawm	الْيَوْم al-yawm	يَوْم yawm
nominative	يَوْمٌ yawmun	الْيَوْمُ al-yawmu	يَوْمُ yawmu
accusative	يَوْمًا yawman	الْيَوْمَ al-yawma	يَوْمَ yawma
genitive	يَوْمٍ yawmin	الْيَوْمِ al-yawmi	يَوْمِ yawmi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	يَوْمَيْن yawmayn	الْيَوْمَيْن al-yawmayn	يَوْمَيْ yawmay
nominative	يَوْمَانِ yawmāni	الْيَوْمَانِ al-yawmāni	يَوْمَا yawmā
accusative	يَوْمَيْنِ yawmayni	الْيَوْمَيْنِ al-yawmayni	يَوْمَيْ yawmay
genitive	يَوْمَيْنِ yawmayni	الْيَوْمَيْنِ al-yawmayni	يَوْمَيْ yawmay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَيَّام ʔayyām	الْأَيَّام al-ʔayyām	أَيَّام ʔayyām
nominative	أَيَّامٌ ʔayyāmun	الْأَيَّامُ al-ʔayyāmu	أَيَّامُ ʔayyāmu
accusative	أَيَّامًا ʔayyāman	الْأَيَّامَ al-ʔayyāma	أَيَّامَ ʔayyāma
genitive	أَيَّامٍ ʔayyāmin	الْأَيَّامِ al-ʔayyāmi	أَيَّامِ ʔayyāmi

Derived terms

الْيَوْمَ (al-yawma)
يَوْم الدِّين (yawm ad-dīn)
يَوْم الْقِيَامَة (yawm al-qiyāma)
يَوْمًا (yawman)
يَوْمٌ لَكَ وَيَوْمٌ عَلَيْكَ (yawmun laka wayawmun ʕalayka, proverb)
يَوْمَئِذٍ (yawmaʔiḏin)
يَوْمَذَاكَ (yawmaḏāka)
يَوْمِيَّة (yawmiyya)
يَوْمِيّ (yawmiyy)

Descendants

Egyptian Arabic: يوم (yōm)
Gulf Arabic: يوم (yōm)
Hijazi Arabic: يوم (yōm)
Maltese: jum
Moroccan Arabic: يوم (yūm)
→ Ottoman Turkish: یوم (yevm)
- Turkish: yevm
→ Persian: یوم (yowm)
- → Urdu: یوم (yaum)
- → Hindi: यौम (yaum), इय्याम (iyyām)

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jaw.ma/
Audio: (file)

Conjunction

يَوْمَ • (yawma)

at the day when
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 79:46:
  كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَهَا لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا عَشِيَّةً أَوْ ضُحَاهَا
  kaʔannahum yawma yarawnahā lam yalbaṯū ʔillā ʕašiyyatan ʔaw ḍuḥāhā
  It will be, on the Day they see it, as though they had not remained except for an afternoon or a morning thereof.

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “يوم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Noun

يوم • (yūm) m (dual يومين (yūmēn), plural أيام (ayyām), paucal تيام (tiyām))

day

Coordinate terms

ليل (lēl, “nighttime”)
ليلة (lēla, “night”)
نهار (nahār, “daytime”)

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Pronunciation

(Kuwait) IPA^(key): /joːm/

Noun

يوم • (yōm) m (dual يومين (yōmēn), plural ايام (ayyām))

day
ما بتروحون معرض يوم البحار؟ ― Are you not going to the Sailor Day fair?

اليوم مو يومي ― il-yōm mū yōmi ― Today is not my day
(usually in the plural) time, era, age
ايام الغزو ― the time of the invasion

ايام الشاه ― the Shah era

Derived terms

اليوم (il-yōm, “today”)

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /joːm/, [jo̞ːm]

Noun

يوم • (yōm) m (dual يومين (yōmēn), plural أَيَّام (ʔayyām))

day

Malay

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [jaom]
Rhymes: -aom, -om

Noun

يوم (plural يوم-يوم or يوم٢)

day (period of 24 hours)
day (period from midnight to the following midnight)
day (rotational period of a planet)
day (part of a day period which one spends at one’s job, school, etc.)

Synonyms

هاري (hari)

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /juːm/
Audio: (file)

Noun

يوم • (yūm) m (dual يومين (yūmayn), plural إيام (ʔiyyām) or إيامات (ʔiyyāmāt))

day
Synonym: نهار (nhār)

Antonym: ليل (līl)
(usually in the plural) time, era, age

Derived terms

اليوم (el-yūma, “today”)

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jawm/, [joːm]

Noun

يوم • (yōm) m or f (plural إيام (ʾiyyām))

day

Usage notes

Despite appearing masculine, the word is often feminine when definite. For example, it can be used with a feminine determiner like هديك اليوم (hadīk l-yōm, “that day”) instead of a masculine one like هيداك اليوم (haydāk l-yom, “that day”), and it can appear as يومتـ (yawmit-, yōmit-) in the construct state.