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circular

Contents

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English [Term?], borrowed from Old French circulier, from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus, diminutive of circus (“ring”).

PronunciationEdit

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈsɜː(ɹ)k.jə.lə(ɹ)/
  • Audio (US)
    		(file)

AdjectiveEdit

circular (comparative more circular, superlative most circular)

  1. Of or relating to a circle.
  2. In the shape of, or moving in a circle.
    • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 5, in The Mirror and the Lamp:
      Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.
  3. Circuitous or roundabout.
  4. Referring back to itself, so as to prevent computation or comprehension; infinitely recursive.
    circular reasoning
    Your dictionary defines "brave" as "courageous", and "courageous" as "brave". That's a circular definition.
    a circular formula in a spreadsheet
  5. Distributed to a large number of persons.
    • Hallam
      a proclamation of Henry III., […] doubtless circular throughout England
  6. (obsolete) Perfect; complete.
    • Philip Massinger, Maid of Honour (1632), act I, scene 2:
      A man so absolute and circular / In all those wished-for rarities that may take / A virgin captive.
  7. (archaic) Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence, mean; inferior.
    • Dennis
      Had Virgil been a circular poet, and closely adhered to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?

HyponymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

TranslationsEdit

circular definition — see circular definition

NounEdit

circular (plural circulars)

  1. A printed advertisement, directive, or notice intended for mass distribution; a flyer
  2. In administration, a circular letter
  3. (dated) A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.
  4. A shuttle bus that runs in a loop.

TranslationsEdit

See alsoEdit

AsturianEdit

CatalanEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.

AdjectiveEdit

circular (masculine and feminine plural circulars)

  1. circular

NounEdit

circular f (plural circulars)

  1. circular

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from Late Latin circulo, circulare, post-Augustan form of Latin circulor.

VerbEdit

circular (first-person singular present circulo, past participle circulat)

  1. to circulate

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of circular (first conjugation)
infinitive circular
present participle circulant
past participle masculine feminine
singular circulat circulada
plural circulats circulades
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present circulo circules circula circulem circuleu circulen
imperfect circulava circulaves circulava circulàvem circulàveu circulaven
future circularé circularàs circularà circularem circulareu circularan
preterite circulí circulares circulà circulàrem circulàreu circularen
conditional circularia circularies circularia circularíem circularíeu circularien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present circuli circulis circuli circulem circuleu circulin
imperfect circulés circulessis circulés circuléssim circuléssiu circulessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
— circula circuli circulem circuleu circulin

Related termsEdit

GalicianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.

AdjectiveEdit

circular m, f (plural circulares)

  1. circular

Related termsEdit

PortugueseEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Borrowed from Late Latin circulāris (“circular round”), from Latin circulus, corresponding to círculo +‎ -ar.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

circular m, f (plural circulares, comparable)

  1. circular; round
    Vimos um objeto circular sobrevoando a cidade.
    We saw a round object flying over the city.
    Synonyms: redondo, rotundo
  2. running in a loop
    Ônibus circular.
    Shuttle bus.
  3. (rhetoric, lexicography) circular (referring back to itself)
    Definição circular.
    Circular definition.
  4. circular (distributed to a large number of people)
    Carta circular.
    Circular letter.

NounEdit

circular f (plural circulares)

  1. circular letter (official communication distributed to interested parties)

NounEdit

circular m (plural circulares)

  1. circular (shuttle bus that runs in a loop)

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from Latin circulō, circulāre (“I make round”), post-Augustan form of Latin circulor.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

circular (first-person singular present indicative circulo, past participle circulado)

  1. (transitive) to circle (to place a circle around)
    Circulem a resposta correta.
    Circle the correct answer.
    Synonym: circundar
  2. (intransitive) to circle (to move around an axis)
    Nosso planeta circula ao redor do Sol.
    Our planet circles the Sun.
    Synonyms: girar, rodar
  3. (intransitive) to circulate (to move through a circuit)
    O sangue parou de circular em suas veias.
    Blood stopped flowing in his veins.
  4. (intransitive) to flow freely
    Abri as janelas para o ar circular.
    I opened the windows to get a better airflow.
  5. (intransitive, or transitive with por) to move about; to walk around
    Depois que a neve derreteu, as pessoas começaram a circular pelo parque.
    After the snow melted, people started walking around the park.
    Circulando!
    Get going! [used to disperse a crowd]
  6. (transitive) to circulate; to disseminate; to spread
    Os alunos circularam um rumor muito maldoso.
    The students spread a nasty rumour.
  7. (intransitive) to circulate; to be disseminated; to be spread; to go around
    Circulava uma notícia sobre o acidente.
    News about the accident had been going around.
    1. (economics) to circulate (to be valid as currency)
      O euro deixará de circular no Reino Unido.
      The euro will no longer circulate in the United Kingdom.
    2. (media) to circulate (to be published and distributed)
      Este é o único jornal que ainda circula.
      This is the only newspaper still in circulation.
ConjugationEdit
  Conjugation of the Portuguese -ar verb circular
Notes:[edit]
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal circular
Personal circular circulares circular circularmos circulardes circularem
Gerund
circulando
Past participle
Masculine circulado circulados
Feminine circulada circuladas
Indicative
Present circulo circulas circula circulamos circulais circulam
Imperfect circulava circulavas circulava circulávamos circuláveis circulavam
Preterite circulei circulaste circulou circulamos
circulámos 		circulastes circularam
Pluperfect circulara circularas circulara circuláramos circuláreis circularam
Future circularei circularás circulará circularemos circulareis circularão
Conditional
circularia circularias circularia circularíamos circularíeis circulariam
Subjunctive
Present circule circules circule circulemos circuleis circulem
Imperfect circulasse circulasses circulasse circulássemos circulásseis circulassem
Future circular circulares circular circularmos circulardes circularem
Imperative
Affirmative - circula circule circulemos circulai circulem
Negative (não) - circules circule circulemos circuleis circulem

SpanishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Borrowed from Late Latin circulāris, from Latin circulus.

AdjectiveEdit

circular (plural circulares)

  1. circular

NounEdit

circular f (plural circulares)

  1. circular (advertisement)

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from Late Latin circulāre, present active infinitive of circulō, post-Augustan form of Latin circulor. Doublet of the inherited cerchar[1].

VerbEdit

circular (first-person singular present circulo, first-person singular preterite circulé, past participle circulado)

  1. to circulate
  2. to go round, move around
  3. to scram, clear off
ConjugationEdit
    Conjugation of circular (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)edit data
infinitive circular
gerund circulando
past participle masculine feminine
singular circulado circulada
plural circulados circuladas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present circulo circulastú
circulásvos		 circula circulamos circuláis circulan
imperfect circulaba circulabas circulaba circulábamos circulabais circulaban
preterite circulé circulaste circuló circulamos circulasteis circularon
future circularé circularás circulará circularemos circularéis circularán
conditional circularía circularías circularía circularíamos circularíais circularían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present circule circulestú
circulésvos2		 circule circulemos circuléis circulen
imperfect
(ra) 		circulara circularas circulara circuláramos circularais circularan
imperfect
(se) 		circulase circulases circulase circulásemos circulaseis circulasen
future1 circulare circulares circulare circuláremos circulareis circularen
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative circulatú
circulávos		 circule circulemos circulad circulen
negative no circules no circule no circulemos no circuléis no circulen
  • 1 Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
  • 2 Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
    Selected combined forms of circularedit data

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive circular
dative circularme circularte circularle, circularse circularnos circularos circularles, circularse
accusative circularme circularte circularlo, circularla, circularse circularnos circularos circularlos, circularlas, circularse
with gerund circulando
dative circulándome circulándote circulándole, circulándose circulándonos circulándoos circulándoles, circulándose
accusative circulándome circulándote circulándolo, circulándola, circulándose circulándonos circulándoos circulándolos, circulándolas, circulándose
with informal second-person singular imperative circula
dative circúlame circúlate circúlale circúlanos not used circúlales
accusative circúlame circúlate circúlalo, circúlala circúlanos not used circúlalos, circúlalas
with formal second-person singular imperative circule
dative circúleme not used circúlele, circúlese circúlenos not used circúleles
accusative circúleme not used circúlelo, circúlela, circúlese circúlenos not used circúlelos, circúlelas
with first-person plural imperative circulemos
dative not used circulémoste circulémosle circulémonos circulémoos circulémosles
accusative not used circulémoste circulémoslo, circulémosla circulémonos circulémoos circulémoslos, circulémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative circulad
dative circuladme not used circuladle circuladnos circulaos circuladles
accusative circuladme not used circuladlo, circuladla circuladnos circulaos circuladlos, circuladlas
with formal second-person plural imperative circulen
dative circúlenme not used circúlenle circúlennos not used circúlenles, circúlense
accusative circúlenme not used circúlenlo, circúlenla circúlennos not used circúlenlos, circúlenlas, circúlense

Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ http://dle.rae.es/?id=8JvYB4v
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