Wiktionary

इव

Hindi

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit इव (iva).

Pronunciation

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Particle

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इव • (iva) (Urdu spelling او)

  1. (literary) thus
  2. as
  3. almost
  4. like

References

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Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • va (Latin script)
  • 𑀯 (Brahmi script)
  • व (Devanagari script)
  • ৰ (Bengali script)
  • ව (Sinhalese script)
  • ဝ (Burmese script)
  • ว or วะ (Thai script)
  • ᩅ (Tai Tham script)
  • ວ or ວະ (Lao script)
  • វ (Khmer script)
  • 𑅇 (Chakma script)

Particle

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इव

  1. Devanagari script form of iva (“like, as”)

Sanskrit

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Etymology

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Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éy. Compare Hittite 𒄿𒉿𒅈 (i-wa-ar /⁠iwar⁠/).

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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इव • (iva)

  1. like, in the same manner as (in this sense = यथा (yathā), and used correlatively to तथा (tathā))
    • (Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎[1], Colombo, 2009:
      8. ප්‍රමාදමප්‍රමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ‍්ඩිතඃ
      ප්‍රඥාප්‍රසාදමාරුහ්‍ය ත්‍වශොකඃ ශොකිනීං ප්‍රජාම්
      පර්‍වතස‍්ථ ඉව භූමිෂ‍්ඨාන් ධීරො බාලානවෙක්‍ෂතෙ
      8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ
      Prajñāprasādamāruhya tvaśokaḥ śokinīṃ prajām
      Parvatastha iva bhūmiṣṭhān dhīro bālānavekṣate
      8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
      having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
      as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below.
      (literally, “8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
      having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
      as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools on the ground.      ”)
      (Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)
  2. as it were, as if
    पथेव ― patheva ― as if on a path
  3. in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion)
  4. nearly, almost, about
    मुहूर्तम् इव ― muhūrtam iva ― almost an hour
  5. so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction:)
    ईषद् इव ― īṣad iva ― just a little
    किंचिद् इव ― kiṃcid iva ― just a little bit
    न चिराद् इव ― na cirād iva ― very soon
  6. (as a particle) connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb
    किम् इव ― kim iva ― what?
    कथम् इव ― katham iva ― how could that possibly be?
    क्वेव ― kveva ― where, I should like to know?

Usage notes

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In the pada texts of the Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, and by native grammarians, इव (iva) is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands.

Descendants

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  • → Hindi: इव (iva) (learned)
  • Pali: iva

References

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