लोह

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit लोह (lohá). Doublet of लोहा (lohā).

Noun

लोह • (loh) m (Urdu spelling لوه)

iron (either crude or wrought)
steel
metal
(rare) a weapon
(rare) blood

Declension

Declension of *लोह* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	लोह loh	लोह loh
oblique	लोह loh	लोहों lohõ
vocative	लोह loh	लोहो loho

Synonyms

इस्पात (ispāt)
फ़ौलाद (faulād)

Derived terms

लोह तरंग (a set of tuned gongs)

Related terms

लोहा (lohā)

References

Platts, John T. (1884) “लोह”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit लोह (loha).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /loɦ/, [lo]

Noun

लोह • (loh) n

iron (in scientific terms)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

loha (Latin script)
𑀮𑁄𑀳 (Brahmi script)
লোহ (Bengali script)
ලොහ (Sinhalese script)
လောဟ or လေႃႁ (Burmese script)
โลห or โลหะ (Thai script)
ᩃᩮᩣᩉ (Tai Tham script)
ໂລຫ or ໂລຫະ (Lao script)
លោហ (Khmer script)
𑄣𑄮𑄦 (Chakma script)

Etymology

From Sanskrit लोह (lohá).

Noun

लोह n

metal, especially copper, brass, or bronze

Declension

Declension table of "लोह" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	लोहं (lohaṃ)	लोहानि (lohāni)
Accusative (second)	लोहं (lohaṃ)	लोहानि (lohāni)
Instrumental (third)	लोहेन (lohena)	लोहेहि (lohehi) or लोहेभि (lohebhi)
Dative (fourth)	लोहस्स (lohassa) or लोहाय (lohāya) or लोहत्थं (lohatthaṃ)	लोहानं (lohānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	लोहस्मा (lohasmā) or लोहम्हा (lohamhā) or लोहा (lohā)	लोहेहि (lohehi) or लोहेभि (lohebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	लोहस्स (lohassa)	लोहानं (lohānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	लोहस्मिं (lohasmiṃ) or लोहम्हि (lohamhi) or लोहे (lohe)	लोहेसु (lohesu)
Vocative (calling)	लोह (loha)	लोहानि (lohāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

লোহ (Assamese script)
ᬮᭀᬳ (Balinese script)
লোহ (Bengali script)
𑰩𑰺𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀮𑁄𑀳 (Brahmi script)
လောဟ (Burmese script)
લોહ (Gujarati script)
ਲੋਹ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌲𑍋𑌹 (Grantha script)
ꦭꦺꦴꦲ (Javanese script)
𑂪𑂷𑂯 (Kaithi script)
ಲೋಹ (Kannada script)
លោហ (Khmer script)
ໂລຫ (Lao script)
ലോഹ (Malayalam script)
ᠯᠣᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘩𑘻𑘮 (Modi script)
ᠯᠣᠸᠠᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧉𑧜𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
𑐮𑑀𑐴 (Newa script)
ଲୋହ (Odia script)
ꢭꣂꢲ (Saurashtra script)
𑆬𑆾𑆲 (Sharada script)
𑖩𑖺𑖮 (Siddham script)
ලොහ (Sinhalese script)
𑩽𑩕𑪂 (Soyombo script)
𑚥𑚴𑚩 (Takri script)
லோஹ (Tamil script)
లోహ (Telugu script)
โลห (Thai script)
ལོ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
𑒪𑒼𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
𑨬𑨆𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrawdʰás

Sanskrit लोह (loha)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrawdʰás (“red metal; copper, brass”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós (“red thing”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Middle Persian [script needed] (lwd /⁠rôy⁠/, “brass”), whence Persian (rôy).

The -h- instead of the expected -dh- seems to be a standard dissimilation of dh…t to h…t across the whole paradigm for रुध् (rudh) in the dialect on which Classical Sanskrit was based, compare रोहित (róhita, “red mare”), नीललोहित (nīlalohitá, “dark blue and red”), but रुधिर (rudhirá, “red”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /lɐw.ɦɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /l̪oː.ɦɐ/

Adjective

लोह • (lohá)

red, reddish, copper-coloured
made of copper
made of iron

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of लोह
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	लोहः (loháḥ)	लोहौ (lohaú) लोहा¹ (lohā́¹)	लोहाः (lohā́ḥ) लोहासः¹ (lohā́saḥ¹)
accusative	लोहम् (lohám)	लोहौ (lohaú) लोहा¹ (lohā́¹)	लोहान् (lohā́n)
instrumental	लोहेन (lohéna)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहैः (lohaíḥ) लोहेभिः¹ (lohébhiḥ¹)
dative	लोहाय (lohā́ya)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहेभ्यः (lohébhyaḥ)
ablative	लोहात् (lohā́t)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहेभ्यः (lohébhyaḥ)
genitive	लोहस्य (lohásya)	लोहयोः (loháyoḥ)	लोहानाम् (lohā́nām)
locative	लोहे (lohé)	लोहयोः (loháyoḥ)	लोहेषु (lohéṣu)
vocative	लोह (lóha)	लोहौ (lóhau) लोहा¹ (lóhā¹)	लोहाः (lóhāḥ) लोहासः¹ (lóhāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of लोहा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	लोहा (lohā́)	लोहे (lohé)	लोहाः (lohā́ḥ)
accusative	लोहाम् (lohā́m)	लोहे (lohé)	लोहाः (lohā́ḥ)
instrumental	लोहया (loháyā) लोहा¹ (lohā́¹)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहाभिः (lohā́bhiḥ)
dative	लोहायै (lohā́yai)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहाभ्यः (lohā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	लोहायाः (lohā́yāḥ) लोहायै² (lohā́yai²)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहाभ्यः (lohā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	लोहायाः (lohā́yāḥ) लोहायै² (lohā́yai²)	लोहयोः (loháyoḥ)	लोहानाम् (lohā́nām)
locative	लोहायाम् (lohā́yām)	लोहयोः (loháyoḥ)	लोहासु (lohā́su)
vocative	लोहे (lóhe)	लोहे (lóhe)	लोहाः (lóhāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of लोह
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	लोहम् (lohám)	लोहे (lohé)	लोहानि (lohā́ni) लोहा¹ (lohā́¹)
accusative	लोहम् (lohám)	लोहे (lohé)	लोहानि (lohā́ni) लोहा¹ (lohā́¹)
instrumental	लोहेन (lohéna)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहैः (lohaíḥ) लोहेभिः¹ (lohébhiḥ¹)
dative	लोहाय (lohā́ya)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहेभ्यः (lohébhyaḥ)
ablative	लोहात् (lohā́t)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहेभ्यः (lohébhyaḥ)
genitive	लोहस्य (lohásya)	लोहयोः (loháyoḥ)	लोहानाम् (lohā́nām)
locative	लोहे (lohé)	लोहयोः (loháyoḥ)	लोहेषु (lohéṣu)
vocative	लोह (lóha)	लोहे (lóhe)	लोहानि (lóhāni) लोहा¹ (lóhā¹)

¹Vedic

Noun

लोह • (lohá) stem, m or n

red metal, copper
(in later language) iron (either crude or wrought) or steel or gold or any metal
red goat (compare लोहाज (lohāja))
(probably) a kind of bird
name of a man
(in the plural) name of a people
any object or vessel made of iron
aloe wood, Agallochum

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of लोह
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	लोहः (loháḥ)	लोहौ (lohaú) लोहा¹ (lohā́¹)	लोहाः (lohā́ḥ) लोहासः¹ (lohā́saḥ¹)
accusative	लोहम् (lohám)	लोहौ (lohaú) लोहा¹ (lohā́¹)	लोहान् (lohā́n)
instrumental	लोहेन (lohéna)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहैः (lohaíḥ) लोहेभिः¹ (lohébhiḥ¹)
dative	लोहाय (lohā́ya)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहेभ्यः (lohébhyaḥ)
ablative	लोहात् (lohā́t)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहेभ्यः (lohébhyaḥ)
genitive	लोहस्य (lohásya)	लोहयोः (loháyoḥ)	लोहानाम् (lohā́nām)
locative	लोहे (lohé)	लोहयोः (loháyoḥ)	लोहेषु (lohéṣu)
vocative	लोह (lóha)	लोहौ (lóhau) लोहा¹ (lóhā¹)	लोहाः (lóhāḥ) लोहासः¹ (lóhāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of लोह
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	लोहम् (lohám)	लोहे (lohé)	लोहानि (lohā́ni) लोहा¹ (lohā́¹)
accusative	लोहम् (lohám)	लोहे (lohé)	लोहानि (lohā́ni) लोहा¹ (lohā́¹)
instrumental	लोहेन (lohéna)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहैः (lohaíḥ) लोहेभिः¹ (lohébhiḥ¹)
dative	लोहाय (lohā́ya)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहेभ्यः (lohébhyaḥ)
ablative	लोहात् (lohā́t)	लोहाभ्याम् (lohā́bhyām)	लोहेभ्यः (lohébhyaḥ)
genitive	लोहस्य (lohásya)	लोहयोः (loháyoḥ)	लोहानाम् (lohā́nām)
locative	लोहे (lohé)	लोहयोः (loháyoḥ)	लोहेषु (lohéṣu)
vocative	लोह (lóha)	लोहे (lóhe)	लोहानि (lóhāni) लोहा¹ (lóhā¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: loha
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀮𑁄𑀳 (loha)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: लोहा (lohā)
  
  Urdu: لوہا (lohā)
Marathi: लोह (loh)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਲੋਹਾ (lohā)

Shahmukhi script: لوہا (lohā)
Sindhi: लोहु
→ Tamil: உலோகம் (ulōkam)
- → Malay: logam (“metal”)
  - Indonesian: logam (“metal”)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “लोह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0908.

^ Alexander Lubotsky (1995) “Sanskrit h < *dh, bh”, in Sthāpakašrāddham, Professor G.A. Zograf Commemorative Volume, St. Petersburg, pages 122–124

[1] Alexander Lubotsky (1995) “Sanskrit h < *dh, bh”, in Sthāpakašrāddham, Professor G.A. Zograf Commemorative Volume, St. Petersburg, pages 122–124

[1]