लोह

See also: लोहू, लोहा, and लहू

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit लोह (lohá). Doublet of लोहा (lohā).

Noun

लोह • (loh) m (Urdu spelling لوه)

iron (either crude or wrought)
steel
metal
(rare) a weapon
(rare) blood

Declension

Declension of लोह (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	लोह loh	लोह loh
oblique	लोह loh	लोहों lohõ
vocative	लोह loh	लोहो loho

Synonyms

इस्पात (ispāt)
फ़ौलाद (faulād)

Related terms

लोहा (lohā)

References

Platts, John T. (1884) “लोह”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit लोह (loha).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /loɦ/, [lo]

Noun

लोह • (loh) n

iron (in scientific terms)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

loha (Latin script)
𑀮𑁄𑀳 (Brahmi script)
লোহ (Bengali script)
ලොහ (Sinhalese script)
လောဟ or လေႃႁ (Burmese script)
โลห or โลหะ (Thai script)
ᩃᩮᩣᩉ (Tai Tham script)
ໂລຫ or ໂລຫະ (Lao script)
លោហ (Khmer script)
𑄣𑄮𑄦 (Chakma script)

Etymology

From Sanskrit लोह (lohá).

Noun

लोह n

metal, especially copper, brass, or bronze

Declension

Declension table of "लोह" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	लोहं (lohaṃ)	लोहानि (lohāni)
Accusative (second)	लोहं (lohaṃ)	लोहानि (lohāni)
Instrumental (third)	लोहेन (lohena)	लोहेहि (lohehi) or लोहेभि (lohebhi)
Dative (fourth)	लोहस्स (lohassa) or लोहाय (lohāya) or लोहत्थं (lohatthaṃ)	लोहानं (lohānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	लोहस्मा (lohasmā) or लोहम्हा (lohamhā) or लोहा (lohā)	लोहेहि (lohehi) or लोहेभि (lohebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	लोहस्स (lohassa)	लोहानं (lohānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	लोहस्मिं (lohasmiṃ) or लोहम्हि (lohamhi) or लोहे (lohe)	लोहेसु (lohesu)
Vocative (calling)	लोह (loha)	लोहानि (lohāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

লোহ (Assamese script)
ᬮᭀᬳ (Balinese script)
লোহ (Bengali script)
𑰩𑰺𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀮𑁄𑀳 (Brahmi script)
လောဟ (Burmese script)
લોહ (Gujarati script)
ਲੋਹ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌲𑍋𑌹 (Grantha script)
ꦭꦺꦴꦲ (Javanese script)
𑂪𑂷𑂯 (Kaithi script)
ಲೋಹ (Kannada script)
លោហ (Khmer script)
ໂລຫ (Lao script)
ലോഹ (Malayalam script)
ᠯᠣᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘩𑘻𑘮 (Modi script)
ᠯᠣᠸᠠᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧉𑧜𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
𑐮𑑀𑐴 (Newa script)
ଲୋହ (Odia script)
ꢭꣂꢲ (Saurashtra script)
𑆬𑆾𑆲 (Sharada script)
𑖩𑖺𑖮 (Siddham script)
ලොහ (Sinhalese script)
𑩽𑩕𑪂 (Soyombo script)
𑚥𑚴𑚩 (Takri script)
லோஹ (Tamil script)
లోహ (Telugu script)
โลห (Thai script)
ལོ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
𑒪𑒼𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
𑨬𑨆𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrawdʰás (“red metal; copper, brass”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós (“red thing”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Middle Persian [script needed] (lwd /⁠rôy⁠/, “brass”), whence Persian (rôy).

The -h- instead of the expected -dh- seems to be a standard dissimilation of dh…t to h…t across the whole paradigm for रुध् (rudh) in the dialect on which Classical Sanskrit was based, compare रोहित (róhita, “red mare”), नीललोहित (nīlalohitá, “dark blue and red”), but रुधिर (rudhirá, “red”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /lɐw.ɦɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈl̪oː.ɦɐ/

Adjective

लोह • (lohá)

red, reddish, copper-coloured
made of copper
made of iron

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of लोह (lohá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	लोहः loháḥ	लोहौ / लोहा¹ lohaú / lohā́¹	लोहाः / लोहासः¹ lohā́ḥ / lohā́saḥ¹
Vocative	लोह lóha	लोहौ / लोहा¹ lóhau / lóhā¹	लोहाः / लोहासः¹ lóhāḥ / lóhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	लोहम् lohám	लोहौ / लोहा¹ lohaú / lohā́¹	लोहान् lohā́n
Instrumental	लोहेन lohéna	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहैः / लोहेभिः¹ lohaíḥ / lohébhiḥ¹
Dative	लोहाय lohā́ya	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहेभ्यः lohébhyaḥ
Ablative	लोहात् lohā́t	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहेभ्यः lohébhyaḥ
Genitive	लोहस्य lohásya	लोहयोः loháyoḥ	लोहानाम् lohā́nām
Locative	लोहे lohé	लोहयोः loháyoḥ	लोहेषु lohéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of लोहा (lohā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	लोहा lohā́	लोहे lohé	लोहाः lohā́ḥ
Vocative	लोहे lóhe	लोहे lóhe	लोहाः lóhāḥ
Accusative	लोहाम् lohā́m	लोहे lohé	लोहाः lohā́ḥ
Instrumental	लोहया / लोहा¹ loháyā / lohā́¹	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहाभिः lohā́bhiḥ
Dative	लोहायै lohā́yai	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहाभ्यः lohā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	लोहायाः / लोहायै² lohā́yāḥ / lohā́yai²	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहाभ्यः lohā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	लोहायाः / लोहायै² lohā́yāḥ / lohā́yai²	लोहयोः loháyoḥ	लोहानाम् lohā́nām
Locative	लोहायाम् lohā́yām	लोहयोः loháyoḥ	लोहासु lohā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of लोह (lohá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	लोहम् lohám	लोहे lohé	लोहानि / लोहा¹ lohā́ni / lohā́¹
Vocative	लोह lóha	लोहे lóhe	लोहानि / लोहा¹ lóhāni / lóhā¹
Accusative	लोहम् lohám	लोहे lohé	लोहानि / लोहा¹ lohā́ni / lohā́¹
Instrumental	लोहेन lohéna	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहैः / लोहेभिः¹ lohaíḥ / lohébhiḥ¹
Dative	लोहाय lohā́ya	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहेभ्यः lohébhyaḥ
Ablative	लोहात् lohā́t	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहेभ्यः lohébhyaḥ
Genitive	लोहस्य lohásya	लोहयोः loháyoḥ	लोहानाम् lohā́nām
Locative	लोहे lohé	लोहयोः loháyoḥ	लोहेषु lohéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

लोह • (lohá) stem, m or n

red metal, copper
(in later language) iron (either crude or wrought) or steel or gold or any metal
red goat (compare लोहाज (lohāja))
(probably) a kind of bird
name of a man
(in the plural) name of a people
any object or vessel made of iron
aloe wood, Agallochum

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of लोह (lohá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	लोहः loháḥ	लोहौ / लोहा¹ lohaú / lohā́¹	लोहाः / लोहासः¹ lohā́ḥ / lohā́saḥ¹
Vocative	लोह lóha	लोहौ / लोहा¹ lóhau / lóhā¹	लोहाः / लोहासः¹ lóhāḥ / lóhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	लोहम् lohám	लोहौ / लोहा¹ lohaú / lohā́¹	लोहान् lohā́n
Instrumental	लोहेन lohéna	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहैः / लोहेभिः¹ lohaíḥ / lohébhiḥ¹
Dative	लोहाय lohā́ya	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहेभ्यः lohébhyaḥ
Ablative	लोहात् lohā́t	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहेभ्यः lohébhyaḥ
Genitive	लोहस्य lohásya	लोहयोः loháyoḥ	लोहानाम् lohā́nām
Locative	लोहे lohé	लोहयोः loháyoḥ	लोहेषु lohéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of लोह (lohá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	लोहम् lohám	लोहे lohé	लोहानि / लोहा¹ lohā́ni / lohā́¹
Vocative	लोह lóha	लोहे lóhe	लोहानि / लोहा¹ lóhāni / lóhā¹
Accusative	लोहम् lohám	लोहे lohé	लोहानि / लोहा¹ lohā́ni / lohā́¹
Instrumental	लोहेन lohéna	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहैः / लोहेभिः¹ lohaíḥ / lohébhiḥ¹
Dative	लोहाय lohā́ya	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहेभ्यः lohébhyaḥ
Ablative	लोहात् lohā́t	लोहाभ्याम् lohā́bhyām	लोहेभ्यः lohébhyaḥ
Genitive	लोहस्य lohásya	लोहयोः loháyoḥ	लोहानाम् lohā́nām
Locative	लोहे lohé	लोहयोः loháyoḥ	लोहेषु lohéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: loha
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀮𑁄𑀳 (loha)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: लोहा (lohā)
  
  Urdu: لوہا (lohā)
Marathi: लोह (loh)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਲੋਹਾ (lohā)

Shahmukhi script: لوہا (lohā)
Sindhi: लोहु
→ Tamil: உலோகம் (ulōkam)
- → Malay: logam (“metal”)
  - Indonesian: logam (“metal”)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “लोह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0908.

^ Alexander Lubotsky (1995) “Sanskrit h < *dh, bh”, in Sthāpakašrāddham, Professor G.A. Zograf Commemorative Volume, St. Petersburg, pages 122–124

[1] Alexander Lubotsky (1995) “Sanskrit h < *dh, bh”, in Sthāpakašrāddham, Professor G.A. Zograf Commemorative Volume, St. Petersburg, pages 122–124

[1]