सागर

Bhojpuri

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सागर (sāgara).

Noun

सागर (sāgar) m (Kaithi 𑂮𑂰𑂏𑂩)

sea

Hindi

सागर on Hindi Wikipedia

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /sɑː.ɡəɾ/, [säː.ɡɐɾ]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit सागर (sāgara). Doublet of सायर (sāyar).

Noun

सागर • (sāgar) m (Urdu spelling ساگر)

ocean, sea
सागर में एक बूँद के समान है।
sāgar mẽ ek bū̃d ke samān hai.
It is like a drop in the ocean.
(figuratively) a repository, store, or collection of something
शब्दसागर ― śabdsāgar ― sea of words; dictionary

Declension

Declension of सागर (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सागर sāgar	सागर sāgar
oblique	सागर sāgar	सागरों sāgarõ
vocative	सागर sāgar	सागरो sāgaro

Synonyms

समुद्र (samudra)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “सागर”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “सागर”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सागर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Platts, John T. (1884) “सागर”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Etymology 2

From सागर (sāgar), the name of the adjacent lake.

Proper noun

सागर • (sāgar) m (Urdu spelling ساگر)

Sagar (a city in Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh, India)
Sagar (a district of Madhya Pradesh, India, containing the city of the same name)

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सागर (sāgara).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa.ɡəɾ/

Noun

सागर • (sāgar) m

(sciences) sea
Synonym: समुद्र (samudra)

Declension

Declension of सागर (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	सागर sāgar
direct plural	सागर sāgar
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	सागर sāgar	सागर sāgar
oblique सामान्यरूप	सागरा sāgarā	सागरां- sāgarān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	सागराला sāgarālā	सागरांना sāgarānnā
ergative	सागराने, सागरानं sāgarāne, sāgarāna	सागरांनी sāgarānnī
instrumental	सागराशी sāgarāśī	सागरांशी sāgarānśī
locative सप्तमी	सागरात sāgarāt	सागरांत sāgarāt
vocative संबोधन	सागरा sāgarā	सागरांनो sāgarānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of सागर (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	सागराचा sāgarāċā	सागराचे sāgarāċe	सागराची sāgarācī	सागराच्या sāgarācā	सागराचे, सागराचं sāgarāċe, sāgarāċa	सागराची sāgarācī	सागराच्या sāgarācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	सागरांचा sāgarānċā	सागरांचे sāgarānċe	सागरांची sāgarāñcī	सागरांच्या sāgarāncā	सागरांचे, सागरांचं sāgarānċe, sāgarānċa	सागरांची sāgarāñcī	सागरांच्या sāgarāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

महासागर (mahāsāgar, “ocean”)
सागरगोटा (sāgargoṭā)
सागरी (sāgrī)

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “सागर”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “सागर”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “सागर”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “सागर”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Old Awadhi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सागर (sāgara).

Noun

सागर (sāgara) m

sea
collection, repository
- c. 1500s CE, Tulsīdās, Hanumān Cālīsā :
  जय हनुमान ज्ञान गुन सागर
  जय कपीस तिहुँ लोक उजागर
  jaya hanumāna jñāna guna sāgara
  jaya kapīsa tihum̐ loka ujāgara
  Victory to Thee, O Hanuman, the ocean of wisdom and virtue.
  Victory to the Lord of apes, the one who is known in the three worlds.

Pali

Alternative scripts

sāgara (Latin script)
𑀲𑀸𑀕𑀭 (Brahmi script)
সাগর (Bengali script)
සාගර (Sinhalese script)
သာဂရ or သႃၷရ (Burmese script)
สาคร or สาคะระ (Thai script)
ᩈᩣᨣᩁ (Tai Tham script)
ສາຄຣ or ສາຄະຣະ (Lao script)
សាគរ (Khmer script)
𑄥𑄂𑄉𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

सागर m

Devanagari script form of sāgara

Declension

Declension table of "सागर" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सागरो (sāgaro)	सागरा (sāgarā)
Accusative (second)	सागरं (sāgaraṃ)	सागरे (sāgare)
Instrumental (third)	सागरेन (sāgarena)	सागरेहि (sāgarehi) or सागरेभि (sāgarebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सागरस्स (sāgarassa) or सागराय (sāgarāya) or सागरत्थं (sāgaratthaṃ)	सागरानं (sāgarānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सागरस्मा (sāgarasmā) or सागरम्हा (sāgaramhā) or सागरा (sāgarā)	सागरेहि (sāgarehi) or सागरेभि (sāgarebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सागरस्स (sāgarassa)	सागरानं (sāgarānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सागरस्मिं (sāgarasmiṃ) or सागरम्हि (sāgaramhi) or सागरे (sāgare)	सागरेसु (sāgaresu)
Vocative (calling)	सागर (sāgara)	सागरा (sāgarā)

Prakrit

Noun

सागर (sāgara) m

Devanagari script form of 𑀲𑀸𑀕𑀭

Declension

Maharastri declension of सागर (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	सागरो (sāgaro)	सागरा (sāgarā)
Accusative	सागरं (sāgaraṃ)	सागरे (sāgare) or सागरा (sāgarā)
Instrumental	सागरेण (sāgareṇa) or सागरेणं (sāgareṇaṃ)	सागरेहि (sāgarehi) or सागरेहिं (sāgarehiṃ)
Dative	सागराअ (sāgarāa)	—
Ablative	सागराओ (sāgarāo) or सागराउ (sāgarāu) or सागरा (sāgarā) or सागराहि (sāgarāhi) or सागराहिंतो (sāgarāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	सागरस्स (sāgarassa)	सागराण (sāgarāṇa) or सागराणं (sāgarāṇaṃ)
Locative	सागरम्मि (sāgarammi) or सागरे (sāgare)	सागरेसु (sāgaresu) or सागरेसुं (sāgaresuṃ)
Vocative	सागर (sāgara) or सागरा (sāgarā)	सागरा (sāgarā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

সাগৰ (Assamese script)
ᬲᬵᬕᬭ (Balinese script)
সাগর (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰯𑰐𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑀸𑀕𑀭 (Brahmi script)
သာဂရ (Burmese script)
સાગર (Gujarati script)
ਸਾਗਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑌾𑌗𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦱꦴꦒꦫ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂰𑂏𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಸಾಗರ (Kannada script)
សាគរ (Khmer script)
ສາຄຣ (Lao script)
സാഗര (Malayalam script)
ᠰᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡤᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘰𑘐𑘨 (Modi script)
ᠰᠠᢗᠺᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧑𑦰𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑐵𑐐𑐬 (Newa script)
ସାଗର (Odia script)
ꢱꢵꢔꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑆳𑆓𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖯𑖐𑖨 (Siddham script)
සාගර (Sinhalese script)
𑪁𑩛𑩞𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚭𑚌𑚤 (Takri script)
ஸாக³ர (Tamil script)
సాగర (Telugu script)
สาคร (Thai script)
སཱ་ག་ར (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑒰𑒑𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑨊𑨍𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative of सगर (sagara, “ocean, sea”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɑː.ɡɐ.ɾɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪ɑː.ɡɐ.ɾɐ/

Noun

सागर • (sāgara) stem, m

ocean

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सागर (sāgara)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सागरः sāgaraḥ	सागरौ / सागरा¹ sāgarau / sāgarā¹	सागराः / सागरासः¹ sāgarāḥ / sāgarāsaḥ¹
Vocative	सागर sāgara	सागरौ / सागरा¹ sāgarau / sāgarā¹	सागराः / सागरासः¹ sāgarāḥ / sāgarāsaḥ¹
Accusative	सागरम् sāgaram	सागरौ / सागरा¹ sāgarau / sāgarā¹	सागरान् sāgarān
Instrumental	सागरेण sāgareṇa	सागराभ्याम् sāgarābhyām	सागरैः / सागरेभिः¹ sāgaraiḥ / sāgarebhiḥ¹
Dative	सागराय sāgarāya	सागराभ्याम् sāgarābhyām	सागरेभ्यः sāgarebhyaḥ
Ablative	सागरात् sāgarāt	सागराभ्याम् sāgarābhyām	सागरेभ्यः sāgarebhyaḥ
Genitive	सागरस्य sāgarasya	सागरयोः sāgarayoḥ	सागराणाम् sāgarāṇām
Locative	सागरे sāgare	सागरयोः sāgarayoḥ	सागरेषु sāgareṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Synonyms

अर्णव (arṇava) ("foamy (sea)")
समुद्र (samudra)

Descendants

Terms inherited from सागर (sāgara)

Pali: sāgara
- → Old Javanese: sāgara
  - Javanese: ꦱꦒꦫ (sagara, ngoko), ꦱꦼꦒꦫ (segara)
  - Javanese: ꦱꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (saganten, krama), ꦱꦼꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (seganten)
  - → Balinese: ᬲᬵᬕᬭ (sagara, segara), ᬲᬕᬭ (sagara)
- → Malay: segara
  - Indonesian: segara
- → Sundanese: ᮞᮌᮛ (sagara)
Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀕𑀭 (sāgara), 𑀲𑀸𑀬𑀭 (sāyara), 𑀲𑀸𑀅𑀭 (sāara)
- Apabhramsa: सायर (sāyara)
  - Assamese: হাৱৰ (hawor)
  - Bengali: সায়র (śaẏor), হাওর (haōr)
  - Old Hindi: सायर (sāyara)
  - Sylheti: ꠀꠅꠞ (aor)
    - → English: haor
    - → Gujarati: હાઓર (hāora)
    - → Hindi: हाउर (hāur)

Learned borrowings from सागर (sāgara)

→ Assamese: সাগৰ (xagor)
→ Bengali: সাগর (śagor)
- → Rohingya: cáigor
- → Sylheti: ꠡꠣꠉꠞ (śagor)
→ Hindustani: sāgar m
Hindi: सागर

Urdu: ساگَر
→ Marathi: सागर (sāgar)
→ Sindhi: ساگر m
→ Sinhalese: සාගරය (sāgaraya)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “सागर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1198/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 685