सोम

See also: सीमा, स्मृ, सीम्, and सम

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सोम (soma).

Noun

सोम • (som) m

1. (Hinduism) soma
2. (uncommon) the moon

   Synonyms: चांद (cānd), चंद्रमा (candramā)

Declension

Declension of सोम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सोम som	सोम som
oblique	सोम som	सोमों somõ
vocative	सोम som	सोमो somo

Khaling

Noun

सोम

1. breath
2. life
3. soul

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সোম (Assamese script)
• ᬲᭀᬫ (Balinese script)
• সোম (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰺𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁄𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• သောမ (Burmese script)
• સોમ (Gujarati script)
• ਸੋਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍋𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦺꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂷𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಸೋಮ (Kannada script)
• សោម (Khmer script)
• ໂສມ (Lao script)
• സോമ (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᠣᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘻𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠣᠸᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧜𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑀𑐩 (Newa script)
• ସୋମ (Odia script)
• ꢱꣂꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆾𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖺𑖦 (Siddham script)
• සොම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑩕𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚴𑚢 (Takri script)
• ஸோம (Tamil script)
• సోమ (Telugu script)
• โสม (Thai script)
• སོ་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒼𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨆𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáwHmas (“soma”), from Proto-Indo-European *sówh₁-mo-s, from *sewh₁- (“to press (forth)”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀 (haoma).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ́w.mɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪oː.mɐ/

Noun

सोम • (sóma) stem, m

1. the Soma drink; the juice or extract, of the soma plant
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.3:

     अपा॑म॒ सोम॑म॒मृता॑ अभू॒माग॑न्म॒ ज्योति॒रवि॑दाम दे॒वान्।
     किं नू॒नम॒स्मान्कृ॑णव॒दरा॑ति॒: किमु॑ धू॒र्तिर॑मृत॒ मर्त्य॑स्य॥

     ápāma sómamamṛ́tā abhūmā́ganma jyótirávidāma devā́n.
     kíṃ nūnámasmā́nkṛṇavadárāti: kímu dhūrtíramṛta mártyasya.

     We drink the Soma, may we become immortal; we have attained the light of heaven, we have knownthe gods; what now could the enemy do to us, or what, O immortal, should the aggriever do to the mortal?

2. the soma plant itself
3. the moon
4. soma sacrifice
5. a day destined for extracting the soma-juice

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सोम (sóma)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सोमः sómaḥ	सोमौ / सोमा¹ sómau / sómā¹	सोमाः / सोमासः¹ sómāḥ / sómāsaḥ¹
Vocative	सोम sóma	सोमौ / सोमा¹ sómau / sómā¹	सोमाः / सोमासः¹ sómāḥ / sómāsaḥ¹
Accusative	सोमम् sómam	सोमौ / सोमा¹ sómau / sómā¹	सोमान् sómān
Instrumental	सोमेन sómena	सोमाभ्याम् sómābhyām	सोमैः / सोमेभिः¹ sómaiḥ / sómebhiḥ¹
Dative	सोमाय sómāya	सोमाभ्याम् sómābhyām	सोमेभ्यः sómebhyaḥ
Ablative	सोमात् sómāt	सोमाभ्याम् sómābhyām	सोमेभ्यः sómebhyaḥ
Genitive	सोमस्य sómasya	सोमयोः sómayoḥ	सोमानाम् sómānām
Locative	सोमे sóme	सोमयोः sómayoḥ	सोमेषु sómeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• → Punjabi: ਸੋਮ (som)

Proper noun

सोम • (sóma) stem, m

1. Soma personified as a deity
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.8:

     सोम॑ राजन्मृ॒ळया॑ नः स्व॒स्ति तव॑ स्मसि व्र॒त्या॒३॒॑स्तस्य॑ विद्धि।
     अल॑र्ति॒ दक्ष॑ उ॒त म॒न्युरि॑न्दो॒ मा नो॑ अ॒र्यो अ॑नुका॒मं परा॑ दाः॥

     sóma rājanmṛḷáyā naḥ svastí táva smasi vratyā̀stásya viddhi.
     álarti dákṣa utá manyúrindo mā́ no aryó anukāmáṃ párā dāḥ.

     King Soma, bless us for our welfare; we worshippers are yours, do you recognize it; the enemy goesstrong and fierce, O Soma; give us not over to him as he desires.

2. a name of Chandra

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सोम (sóma)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सोमः sómaḥ	सोमौ / सोमा¹ sómau / sómā¹	सोमाः / सोमासः¹ sómāḥ / sómāsaḥ¹
Vocative	सोम sóma	सोमौ / सोमा¹ sómau / sómā¹	सोमाः / सोमासः¹ sómāḥ / sómāsaḥ¹
Accusative	सोमम् sómam	सोमौ / सोमा¹ sómau / sómā¹	सोमान् sómān
Instrumental	सोमेन sómena	सोमाभ्याम् sómābhyām	सोमैः / सोमेभिः¹ sómaiḥ / sómebhiḥ¹
Dative	सोमाय sómāya	सोमाभ्याम् sómābhyām	सोमेभ्यः sómebhyaḥ
Ablative	सोमात् sómāt	सोमाभ्याम् sómābhyām	सोमेभ्यः sómebhyaḥ
Genitive	सोमस्य sómasya	सोमयोः sómayoḥ	सोमानाम् sómānām
Locative	सोमे sóme	सोमयोः sómayoḥ	सोमेषु sómeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

See also

• मास (mā́sa)
• चन्द्र (candrá)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “सोम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1249/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 748-9