ทัณฑฆาต
Thai edit
Etymology edit
From Sanskrit दण्डाघात (daṇḍāghāta, literally “striking with a stick”), from दण्ड (daṇḍa, “stick; bar; rod”) + घात (ghāta, “strike; stroke”); or from Pali daṇḍaghāta (idem), from daṇḍa (idem) + ghāta (idem); equivalent to Thai ทัณฑ + ฆาต (kâat). Cognate with Khmer ទណ្ឌឃាដ (tŏəndĕəʼkhiət).
Pronunciation edit
| Orthographic | ทัณฑฆาต d ạ ɳ ɖ gʰ ā t | |
| Phonemic | ทัน-ทะ-คาด d ạ n – d a – g ā ɗ | |
| Romanization | Paiboon | tan-tá-kâat |
| Royal Institute | than-tha-khat | |
| (standard) IPA(key) | /tʰan˧.tʰa˦˥.kʰaːt̚˥˩/(R) | |
Noun edit
ทัณฑฆาต • (tan-tá-kâat)
- (typography) the name of the diacritical mark ◌์, chiefly used to kill or silence a letter.
- (archaic) execution by beating one to death with a stick.
Usage notes edit
- In modern usage, the mark is used as follows:
- Placed above a consonant letter to indicate that the letter is silent, such as ยักษ์ (yák), in which ษ (sɔ̌ɔ) is silent.
- Placed above a consonant letter to indicate that the letter and some other consonant letters preceding it are silent, such as อินทร์ (in), in which ท (tɔɔ) and ร (rɔɔ) are silent.
- Placed above a vowel mark to indicate that the vowel is silent, such as สิริกิติ์ (sì-rì-gìt), in which the vowel ◌ิ is silent.
- In old usage, the mark is also used as follows:
- Placed above a letter in a borrowed word to indicate that the letter closes the syllable, as เสดจ์ (sà-dèt) and สมเดจ์ (sǒm-dèt).
- Placed above a letter in a Pali or Sanskrit statement to indicate that the letter closes the related syllable, as พาหุง์สหัส์สมภินิม์มิตสาวุธัน์ตัง์ (paa-hǔng-sà-hàt-sà-má-pí-nim-mí-dtà-sǎa-sùt-tan-dtang, “the demon lord appears with a thousand arms magically created, all equipped with weapons”). In modern usage, this mark is replaced by the mark พินทุ (pin-tú), and the exampled statement would be written พาหุงฺสหสฺสมภินิมฺมิตสาวุธนฺตงฺ (paa-hǔng-sà-hàt-sà-má-pí-nim-mí-dtà-sǎa-sùt-tan-dtang).
- A letter or group of letters affected by this mark is called การันต์ (gaa-ran). For example: