まほし
Japanese
editEtymology
editShift from まくほし (-makuhoshi), itself a compound of ま (-ma, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of む (-mu, volitional/conjectural auxiliary verb)) + く (-ku, nominalizing suffix) + ほし (hoshi, classical form of ほしい (hoshii, “wanted, desirable”)).[1][2][3][4][5]
One alternative derivation posits that this may have derived from the volitional/conjectural auxiliary む (-mu) in the irrealis form of ま (-ma), with ほし (hoshi) attaching directly to this.[1] However, syntactically, hoshi never followed verbs in the irrealis, and only followed nouns or verbs in the conjunctive -te conjugation, making this derivation unlikely.
The older form まくほし (-makuhoshi) appears in Old Japanese works of the Nara period and early Heian period,[1][3] with this abbreviated まほし (-mahoshi) form arising later in the Heian period,[3][4] primarily in waka poetry and works written in kana.[1][3] The modern desiderative ending たい (-tai) then appears from the Kamakura period, gradually replacing -mahoshi.[1][3][2][4]
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit- (archaic) following the irrealis stem of verbs
Inflection
editStem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | まほしく[1] まほしから[2] |
まほしく まほしから |
-mafosiku -mafosikara | |
Continuative (連用形) | まほしく[1] まほしかり[2] |
まほしく まほしかり |
-mafosiku -mafosikari | |
Terminal (終止形) | まほし | まほし | -mafosi | |
Attributive (連体形) | まほしき まほしかる |
まほしき まほしかる |
-mafosiki -mafosikaru | |
Realis (已然形) | まほしけれ | まほしけれ | -mafosikere | |
Imperative (命令形) | まほしかれ | まほしかれ | -mafosikare | |
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | まほしからず | まほしからず | -mafosikarazu | |
Contrasting conjunction | まほしけれど | まほしけれど | -mafosikeredo | |
Causal conjunction | まほしければ | まほしければ | -mafosikereba | |
Conditional conjunction | まほしくば | まほしくば | -mafosikuba | |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | まほしかりき | まほしかりき | -mafosikariki | |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | まほしかりけり | まほしかりけり | -mafosikarikeri | |
Adverbial | まほしく | まほしく | -mafosiku | |
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 “まほし”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 “まほし”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ^ Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN