シク活用
Japanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
活 | 用 |
かつ Grade: 2 |
よう Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
Etymology
editFrom しく (-shiku, variant 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of adjectival suffix し (-shi)) + 活用 (katsuyō, “declension, inflection”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editシク活用 • (shiku katsuyō) ←しくくわつよう (sikukwatuyou)?
- (Classical Japanese grammar) an adjective inflection class for some classical adjectives ending in -shi:
Archaic | 未然形 Irrealis |
連用形 Adverbial |
終止形 Conclusive |
連体形 Attributive |
已然形 Realis |
命令形 Imperative |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
嬉し (ureshi, “happy, joyful”) | 嬉しく (ureshiku) 嬉しから (ureshikara) |
嬉しく (ureshiku) 嬉しかり (ureshikari) |
嬉し (ureshi) | 嬉しき (uresiki1 → ureshiki) 嬉しかる (ureshikaru) |
嬉しけれ (uresike1re → ureshikere) | 嬉しかれ (ureshikare) |
恋し (koishi, “longed-for”) | 恋しく (koshiku) 恋しから (koshikara) |
恋しく (koshiku) 恋しかり (koshikari) |
恋し (koishi) | 恋しき (ko1pi2siki → koshiki) 恋しかる (koshikaru) |
恋しけれ (ko1pi2sike1re → koshikere) | 恋しかれ (koshikare) |
可笑し (okashi, “funny, interesting”) | 可笑しく (okashiku) 可笑しから (okashikara) |
可笑しく (okashiku) 可笑しかり (okashikari) |
可笑し (okashi) | 可笑しき (okashiki) 可笑しかる (okashikaru) |
可笑しけれ (okashikere) | 可笑しかれ (okashikare) |
The subscripts in the table above indicate differences in vowel class that were already being lost in Old Japanese. It remains unclear what those different vowel classes may have meant. See the Syllables section in the Wikipedia article on Old Japanese for more details.
Usage notes
edit- Adjectives in this class are often related to emotions or feelings, as opposed to adjectives of the ク活用 (ku katsuyō) class.
- Adjectives in this class are superseded by the しい (-shii) inflection in modern Japanese:
See also
editReferences
editCategories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 活 read as かつ
- Japanese terms spelled with 用 read as よう
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- ja:Grammar