See also: だい and タイ

Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Alternative spelling
度い (obsolete)

From たし (-tashi), generally regarded as a shift from Old Japanese いたし (itasi, painful), modern 痛い (itai).[1] Appears as a verbal suffix from at least The Tale of the Heike completed before 1330. Replaces previous volitional or desiderative suffix まほし (mahoshi).[2]

Pronunciation edit

  • In Tokyo speech, the accent of the verb construction depends on the suffixed verb:[3]
    • If the suffixed verb is accented, the accent falls on the first mora in the suffix:  [tsùkúꜜrù] (Nakadaka) → くりた [tsùkúrítáꜜì] (Nakadaka)
    • If the suffixed verb is non-accented and the suffix is in the dictionary form (nonpast), the result is either non-accented or accented on the first mora of the suffix: そぶ [àsóbú] (Heiban - [0]) → そびたい [àsóbítáí] (Heiban - [0]) or そびた [àsóbítáꜜì] (Nakadaka). Further conjugation is based on the accented version.

Suffix edit

たい (-tai-i (adverbial たく (-taku))

  1. Used to form the desiderative of verbs: want (to do); hope (to do)
    ()たいなら()
    yomitai nara kasu yo
    If you want to read it, I can lend it to you.
    (かれ)(ちゅう)(もく)されたい
    kare wa chūmoku saretai
    He wants to gain other people's attention.
    アイス()たい
    aisu ga tabetai
    I want to eat ice cream.
  2. (only with verb ある, である and honorifics) Expressing a wish of the speaker: I hope that; I wish that
    (しょう)(じき)(もの)ばか()ない()(なか)でありたい
    shōjikimono ga baka o minai yo no naka de aritai
    I wish in this world the honest people would not suffer losses.
    (べっ)(ぴょう)(さん)(しょう)されたい
    beppyō o sanshō saretai
    Please see the appendix table.
Usage notes edit
  • Outside of questions, the suffix たい (-tai) is used mainly to talk about the speaker's own wants. When describing the wants of someone else, the suffix たがる (-tagaru) is used instead.
  • Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verbs. The result is conjugated like an adjective (形容詞) but allows for the combination with nominal particles such as を, unlike regular adjectives.
()たくないshinitakunaido not want to die
それ()たかったsore o tabetakatta.I wanted to eat that.
  • Except for sense 2 (see above), たい does not express the meaning "someone wants other people to do something". In that case, 欲しい is usually used instead. Compare:
(かの)(じょ)(かえ)たい
kanojo wa kaeritai
She wants to go home.
(かの)(じょ)(かえ)ってほしい
kanojo wa kaette hoshii
I want that she goes home. → I want her to go home.
  • Verb with たい can sometimes mark the grammatical object with , besides the normal object marker .
アイス()べたい
aisu ga tabetai
I want to eat ice cream.
アイス()べたい
aisu o tabetai
I want to eat ice cream.
  • This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, auxiliary verb) in traditional Japanese grammar.
Inflection edit
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of たい – see the following entry.
J
[noun] sea bream (fish of the family Sparidae); porgy
[noun] specifically, the 真鯛(まだ) (mada, red sea bream)
[proper noun] a surname
Alternative spelling
タイ
(This term, たい, is the hiragana spelling of the above term.)
For a list of all kanji read as たい, see Category:Japanese kanji read as たい.)

Etymology 3 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of たい – see the following entries.
2
[counter] counter for humanoid objects
[noun] the body (e.g., of a human or animal)
[noun] (particularly) the torso excluding the limbs: the trunk, abdomen
[noun] a substance, matter
[noun] a form, shape
[noun] (algebra) field (commutative ring with invertible nonzero elements)
3
[conjunction] versus
2
[prefix] big, fat, great
5
[noun] (grammar) voice - a particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs, or a particular form of a verb, by means of which is indicated the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb expresses.
[suffix] (grammar) voice, diathesis
S
[noun] womb
J
[noun] dui (vessel)
他意
[noun] other intention
[noun] ulterior motive
(This term, たい, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as たい, see Category:Japanese kanji read as たい.)

(The following entries are uncreated: , , , .)

Etymology 4 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of たい – see the following entry: 田井

(The following entry is uncreated: 田井.)

Etymology 5 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of たい – see the following entry: 田居

(The following entry is uncreated: 田居.)

References edit

  1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Online Japanese Accent Dictionary (OJAD)