乃末

Chinese

		to be; thus; so to be; thus; so; therefore; then; only; thereupon	end; final stage; latter part
simp. and trad. (乃末)		乃	末
alternative forms		難末／难末 那末 惱末／恼末 (Suzhounese) 奈末

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “First syllable generally sounding similar to [nɛ] cross-topolectally in Wu: morpheme meaning "now"?”)

Pronunciation

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶ne-meq; ⁶na-meq / ²na-⁷meq₈ / ²ne ⁰meq

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• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ne-meq; ⁶na-meq
    • MiniDict: ne^去 meh; na^去 meh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ne-meq; ³na-meq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ne²² məʔ⁴⁴/, /na²² məʔ⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Haining)
    • Wugniu: ²na-⁷meq₈
    • Sinological IPA (Haining): /na¹¹ məʔ⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²ne ⁰meq
    • MiniDict: ne^平 meh
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /nɛ²³ məʔ/

Conjunction

乃末 (Northern Wu)

1. hence; therefore; it is because of this
2. if so; as such

Adverb

乃末 (Northern Wu)

1. so; thus; as a result
2. now then

   乃末完結！ [Shanghainese, trad.]
   乃末完结！ [Shanghainese, simp.]

   ⁶ne-meq ⁶woe-ciq [Wugniu]

   Now everything's ruined!

Synonyms

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• 以故 (yǐgù) (Classical Chinese)
• 以是 (yǐshì) (Classical Chinese)
• 因此 (yīncǐ)
• 因而 (yīn'ér)
• 從而／从而 (cóng'ér)
• 所以
• 故 (gù) (literary)
• 故此 (gùcǐ)
• 故而 (gù'ér)
• 於是／于是 (yúshì)
• 於是乎／于是乎 (yúshìhū) (literary)
• 是以 (shìyǐ) (literary)
• 是故 (shìgù) (literary)
• 此以 (cǐyǐ) (literary)
• 為此／为此 (wèicǐ)