凹む
Japanese
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
凹 |
くぼ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Verb derived from noun 凹 / 窪 (kubo, “an indentation, a depression”) + verbalizing suffix ぶ (bu, “becoming like [noun]”),[1] with suffix ぶ (bu) mutating to む (mu) due to the preceding syllable ぼ (bo).
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editVerb
edit凹む • (kubomu) intransitive godan (stem 凹み (kubomi), past 凹んだ (kubonda))
Usage notes
editThe transitive form is 凹める / 窪める (kubomeru). Consequently, the potential form is the same as the passive form, くぼまれる (kubomareru), instead of くぼめる (kubomeru) as shown in the table above.
The spelling 窪む is used more often for くぼむ, because the alternative spelling 凹む can also be read as へこむ (see below).
Conjugation
editKatsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 凹ま | くぼま | kuboma |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 凹み | くぼみ | kubomi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 凹む | くぼむ | kubomu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 凹む | くぼむ | kubomu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 凹め | くぼめ | kubome |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 凹め | くぼめ | kubome |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 凹まれる | くぼまれる | kubomareru |
Causative | 凹ませる 凹ます |
くぼませる くぼます |
kubomaseru kubomasu |
Potential | 凹める | くぼめる | kubomeru |
Volitional | 凹もう | くぼもう | kubomō |
Negative | 凹まない | くぼまない | kubomanai |
Negative continuative | 凹まず | くぼまず | kubomazu |
Formal | 凹みます | くぼみます | kubomimasu |
Perfective | 凹んだ | くぼんだ | kubonda |
Conjunctive | 凹んで | くぼんで | kubonde |
Hypothetical conditional | 凹めば | くぼめば | kubomeba |
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
凹 |
へこ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
/herikomu/ → /hekomu/
Contraction of 減りこむ (herikomu), itself a compound of 減り (heri, “lessening, becoming less”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 減る heru, “to reduce, to become less”) + 込む (komu, “to go inwardly”).[1]
Pronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "凹む"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
凹む | へこむ | [hèkómú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 凹め | へこめ | [hèkómé] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 凹まれる | へこまれる | [hèkómárérú] |
Causative | 凹ませる | へこませる | [hèkómásérú] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | 凹もう | へこもー | [hèkómóꜜò] |
Negative | 凹まない | へこまない | [hèkómánáí] |
Negative perfective | 凹まなかった | へこまなかった | [hèkómánáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 凹みます | へこみます | [hèkómímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 凹んだ | へこんだ | [hèkóńdá] |
Conjunctive | 凹んで | へこんで | [hèkóńdé] |
Hypothetical conditional | 凹めば | へこめば | [hèkóméꜜbà] |
Verb
edit凹む • (hekomu) intransitive godan (stem 凹み (hekomi), past 凹んだ (hekonda))
- to become hollow, cave in, sink in: see the kubomu reading above
- to decline below a certain point, to become less
- to be stuck to be at a loss: see 困る (komaru).
- to yield, to submit
- (informal) to be bummed out
Conjugation
editKatsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 凹ま | へこま | hekoma |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 凹み | へこみ | hekomi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 凹む | へこむ | hekomu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 凹む | へこむ | hekomu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 凹め | へこめ | hekome |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 凹め | へこめ | hekome |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 凹まれる | へこまれる | hekomareru |
Causative | 凹ませる 凹ます |
へこませる へこます |
hekomaseru hekomasu |
Potential | 凹める | へこめる | hekomeru |
Volitional | 凹もう | へこもう | hekomō |
Negative | 凹まない | へこまない | hekomanai |
Negative continuative | 凹まず | へこまず | hekomazu |
Formal | 凹みます | へこみます | hekomimasu |
Perfective | 凹んだ | へこんだ | hekonda |
Conjunctive | 凹んで | へこんで | hekonde |
Hypothetical conditional | 凹めば | へこめば | hekomeba |
References
edit- Japanese terms spelled with 凹 read as くぼ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese type 1 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 凹 read as へこ
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese informal terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples