千年

Chinese

		thousand	year
simp. and trad. (千年)		千	年

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiānnián

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cin¹ nin⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiên-ngièn / chhiên-ngiàn
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chheng-nî / chhian-nî / chhian-liân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): coin¹ ni⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹chi-gni

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiānnián
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciannián
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien¹-nien²
    • Yale: chyān-nyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiannian
    • Palladius: цяньнянь (cjanʹnjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cin¹ nin⁴
    • Yale: chīn nìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsin¹ nin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qin¹ nin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ niːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiên-ngièn
    • Hakka Romanization System: qien´ ngienˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qian¹ ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯en²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiên-ngiàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: qien´ ngianˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qian¹ ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯en²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-nî
    • Tâi-lô: tshing-nî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhengnii
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhian-nî
    • Tâi-lô: tshian-nî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiennii
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhian-liân
    • Tâi-lô: tshian-liân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chienlieen
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: coin¹ ni⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshoiⁿ nî
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰõĩ³³⁻²³ ni⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹chi-gni
    • MiniDict: chi^平 nyi
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹qi-nyi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ n̠ʲi²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tshen nen

Rime
Character	千	年
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	蒼先切	奴顚切
Baxter	tshen	nen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰen/	/nen/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰen/	/nen/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛn/	/nɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛn/	/nɛn/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰen/	/nen/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰien/	/nien/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰien/	/nien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiān	nián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cin1	nin4

Noun

千年

1. a millennium; a thousand years; (figurative) a very long time

   紙壽千年。／纸寿千年。  ―  Zhǐ shòu qiānnián.  ―  Xuan paper has a shelf life of one thousand years.

Synonyms

• 千春 (qiānchūn) (literary)
• 千秋 (qiānqiū)
• 千紀／千纪 (qiānjì)

 

Derived terms

• 千年殺／千年杀 (qiānniánshā)
• 千年蟲／千年虫 (qiānniánchóng)

 

See also

• 百年 (bǎinián)
• 十年 (shínián)
• 萬年／万年 (wànnián)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
千	年
せん Grade: 1	ねん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せ​んねん [séꜜǹnèǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [sẽ̞nːẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

千(せん)年(ねん) • (sennen) ^{←せんねん (sennen)?}

1. a millennium; a thousand years

Synonyms

• 千歳(ちとせ) (chitose)

See also

• ミレニアム (mireniamu)

Korean

Hanja in this term
千	年

Proper noun

千年 • (Cheonnyeon) (hangeul 천년)

1. Hanja form^? of 천년 (“a millennium; a thousand years”).