奴
Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
奴 (radical 38 女+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 女水 (VE), four-corner 47440, composition ⿰女又)
Derived charactersEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 254, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6039
- Dae Jaweon: page 517, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1024, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5974
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
奴 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 奴
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 女 (“woman”) + 又 (“hand”) – a woman with hands at the back (bronze inscriptions).
The oracle bone script forms are pictographic (象形), showing a woman with hands crossed at the back, as opposed to 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas) which depicts a woman clasping her hands in front of the body.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄨˊ
- Wade-Giles: nu2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nu
- IPA (key): /nu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: nou4
- Yale: nòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: nou4
- IPA (key): /nou̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nù / nùng
- Hakka Romanization System: nuˇ / nungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nu2 / nung2
- IPA: /nu¹¹/, /nuŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô͘
- Tâi-lô: lôo
- Phofsit Daibuun: loo
- IPA (Taipei): /lɔ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔ¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: nou5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nôu
- IPA (key): /nou⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 奴 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /nu³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /mu²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /nu⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /mu⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /nu⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /nu⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /nou²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /nv̩²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /nu⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /lu⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /mu⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /nəu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /nu³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /nu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /nu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /lu²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /lu⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /nəu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /nəu¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /nəu³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /nu²³/ |
| Suzhou | /nəu³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /no²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /nɤu³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /lu⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ləu⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ləu¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /nəɯ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lu⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /nu¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /mu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /nou²¹/ |
| Nanning | /nu²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /nou²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /lɔ³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /nu⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /nu³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /nõu⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /nu³¹/ /nɔu³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 奴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 乃都切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/nuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/nuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/no/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/nɔ/ |
| Li Rong |
/no/ |
| Wang Li |
/nu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/nuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
nú |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 奴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
nú |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nu › |
| Old Chinese |
/*nˤa/ |
| English | slave |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 奴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9600 |
| Phonetic component |
女 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
奴 |
| Old Chinese |
/*naː/ |
DefinitionsEdit
奴
- slave; servant
- (polite) I
- (derogatory) a person associated with a particular identity or trait
- to enslave
SynonymsEdit
- (I):
| Dialectal synonyms of 我 (“I”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical | Classical | 吾、我、私 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 我 |
| Jinan | 我、俺 | |
| Xi'an | 我 | |
| Wuhan | 我 | |
| Chengdu | 我 | |
| Yangzhou | 我 | |
| Hefei | 我 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 我 |
| Hong Kong | 我 | |
| Taishan | 我 | |
| Yangjiang | 我 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 我 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 𠊎 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 𠊎 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 𠊎 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 𠊎 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 𠊎 | |
| Taiwanese Raoping | 𠊎 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 𠊎 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 我 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 我 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 我、奴 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 我 |
| Taipei | 我 | |
| Chaozhou | 我 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 我、吾、阿拉 |
| Suzhou | 我、奴 | |
| Wenzhou | 我 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 我 |
| Shuangfeng | 我、卬 | |
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 奴
JapaneseEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
奴 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune-Reischauer no)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- (colloquial) he, she, it
Usage notesEdit
- Chữ Nôm.
- This is the common form of this character. The regular form is 伮.
- The term is de facto used to refer to any animal (including the human) in the third person, in a disrespectful manner. The use of the term to translate the English it, or to refer to an inanimate object, is rather artificial, and mostly found in awkward (but common) translation of other languages.