先
|
TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han characterEdit
先 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹土竹山 (HGHU), four-corner 24211, composition ⿱𠂒儿)
Derived charactersEdit
- 侁, 冼, 姺, 𢏡, 㧥, 洗, 𤞓, 选, 㭠, 㱡, 毨, 烍, 珗, 𥏌, 䊁, 兟, 𠸛, 䚚, 詵(诜), 跣, 酰, 銑(铣), 駪
- 𠜎, 䢾, 㪇, 㰫, 𠒑, 𠒒, 𥏋, 𠸜, 𠒣, 𠒷, 𠓀
- 宪, 㾌, 筅, 𨴐
- 㮱
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 124, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1349
- Dae Jaweon: page 260, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 267, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5148
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
先 |
---|
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 先 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
EtymologyEdit
Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan བསེལ (bsel, “to protect (on a dangerous path); to escort”), Chepang स्यालःसा (syalʔ‑, “to lead; to go or do first; to open way”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
先
- first; ahead of time; before; beforehand
- first; preceding; prior
- for the time being; for the moment
- (colloquial) earlier on; before; at first
- ancient
- deceased; late
- 先父 ― xiānfù ― deceased father
- ancestor; forefather
- 祖先 ― zǔxiān ― ancestor
- thing of utmost importance
- Short for 先生 (xiānshēng).
- Short for 先手 (xiānshǒu).
- (Cantonese) only then
- (Cantonese) first off
- (Cantonese) Used to emphasize that something is/is not.
- a surname
Usage notesEdit
- (first; beforehand): In Standard Mandarin, 先 comes before the verb; in Cantonese, Teochew and Southeast Asian Mandarin, 先 comes after the verb (and elements such as verb aspect and verb object).
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- (Min Nan) “Entry #2063”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
先
- † to guide; to initiate
- † to be earlier
- † to surpass
- † originally
- † to introduce
- † term of address for one's elder brother's wife
Pronunciation 3Edit
DefinitionsEdit
先
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
- Kun: さき (saki, 先, Jōyō); さきんじる (sakinjiru, 先んじる); まず (mazu, 先ず)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
先 |
さき Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
前 |
From Old Japanese. Cognate with 崎 (saki, “a (geographical) point, where the land sticks out into the water”).[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- before, previous
- end, tip
- 矢の先
- ya no saki
- tip of an arrow
- 矢の先
- earlier, the past
- afterwards, the future
- the destination of a motion or action
- sequel
- ahead, in front
Derived termsEdit
- 先金 (sakigane)
- 先頃 (sakigoro)
- 先々 (sakizaki), 先先 (sakizaki)
- 先隣 (sakidonari)
- 先太 (sakibuto)
- 先棒 (sakibō)
- 先程 (sakihodo)
- 先物 (sakimono)
- 先安 (sakiyasu)
- 宛先 (atesaki)
- 後先 (atosaki)
- 御先 (osaki), お先 (osaki)
- 肩先 (katasaki)
- 口先 (kuchisaki)
- 剣先 (kensaki)
- 現先 (gensaki)
- 幸先 (saisaki)
- 潮先 (shiosaki)
- 舌先 (shitasaki)
- 旅先 (tabisaki)
- 筒先 (tsutsusaki)
- 爪先 (tsumesaki)
- 手先 (tesaki)
- 出先 (desaki)
- 突先 (tossaki)
- 庭先 (niwasaki)
- 軒先 (nokisaki)
- 縁先 (nokisaki)
- 刃先 (hasaki)
- 鼻先 (hanasaki)
- 春先 (harusaki)
- 筆先 (fudesaki)
- 舳先 (hesaki)
- 火先 (hosaki)
- 穂先 (hosaki)
- 矛先 (hokosaki)
- 水先 (mizusaki)
- 店先 (misesaki)
- 胸先 (munasaki)
- 目先 (mesaki)
- 矢先 (yasaki)
- 槍先 (yarisaki)
- 指先 (yubisaki)
- 先売り (sakiuri)
- 先送り (sakiokuri)
- 先買い (sakigai)
- 先借り (sakigari)
- 先立つ (sakidatsu)
- 先立てる (sakidateru)
- 先付け (sakizuke)
- 先取り (sakidori)
- 先走る (sakibashiru)
- 先払い (sakibarai)
- 先んじる (sakinjiru)
- 先んずる (sakinzuru)
- 行き先 (ikisaki)
- 生い先 (oisaki)
- 老い先 (oisaki)
- 送り先 (okurisaki)
- 切っ先 (kissaki)
- 此の先 (konosaki)
- 使い先 (tsukaisaki)
- 勤め先 (tsutomesaki)
- 嫁ぎ先 (totsugisaki)
- 届け先 (todokesaki)
- ペン先 (pensaki)
- 真っ先 (massaki)
- 移転先 (itensaki)
- 一寸先 (issunsaki)
- 勤務先 (kinmusaki)
- 下馬先 (gebasaki)
- 玄関先 (genkansaki)
- 小手先 (kotesaki)
- 購入先 (kōnyūsaki)
- 指示先 (shijisaki)
- 就職先 (shūsokusaki)
- 宿泊先 (shukuhakusaki)
- 照会先 (shōkaisaki)
- 送付先 (sōfusaki)
- 太刀先 (tachisaki)
- 注文先 (chūmonsaki)
- 手羽先 (tebasaki)
- 転居先 (ten'isaki)
- 転送先 (tensōsaki)
- 伝送先 (densōsaki)
- 転任先 (tenninsaki)
- 得意先 (tokuisaki)
- 取引先 (torihikisaki)
- 刷毛先 (hakesaki)
- 配達先 (haitatsusaki)
- 一足先 (hitoashisaki)
- 奉公先 (hōkōsaki)
- 旅行先 (ryokōsaki)
- 連絡先 (renrakusaki)
- 仕入れ先 (shīresaki)
- 差し出し先 (sashidashisaki)
- 立ち回り先 (tachimawarisaki)
- 取り引き先 (torihikisaki)
- 引っ越し先 (hikkoshisaki)
- 問い合わせ先 (toiawasesaki)
IdiomsEdit
- 先を越す (sakiokosu)
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
先 |
さっき Grade: 1 |
irregular |
For pronunciation and definitions of 先 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 先, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
先 |
せん Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 先 (MC sen, senH).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
- 先鋭 (sen'ei)
- 先回 (senkai)
- 先覚 (senkaku)
- 先学 (sengaku)
- 先議 (sengi)
- 先客 (senkyaku)
- 先駆 (senku)
- 先君 (senkun)
- 先決 (senketsu)
- 先月 (sengetsu)
- 先見 (senken)
- 先賢 (senken)
- 先遣 (senken)
- 先古 (senko)
- 先口 (senkō)
- 先攻 (senkō)
- 先考 (senkō)
- 先行 (senkō)
- 先高 (senkō)
- 先刻 (senkoku)
- 先妻 (sensai)
- 先細 (sensai)
- 先在 (senzai)
- 先様 (sensama)
- 先山 (senzan)
- 先史 (senshi)
- 先師 (senshi)
- 先日 (senjitsu)
- 先主 (senshu)
- 先取 (senshu)
- 先蹴 (senshū)
- 先週 (senshū)
- 先住 (senjū)
- 先述 (senjutsu)
- 先勝 (senshō)
- 先進 (senshin)
- 先人 (senjin)
- 先陣 (senjin)
- 先制 (sensei)
- 先生 (sensei)
- 先聖 (sensei)
- 先祖 (senzo)
- 先代 (sendai)
- 先達 (sendatsu)
- 先端 (sentan)
- 先知 (senchi)
- 先着 (senchaku)
- 先手 (sente)
- 先哲 (sentetsu)
- 先天 (senten)
- 先登 (sentō), 先頭 (sentō)
- 先途 (sendo)
- 先度 (sendo)
- 先塔 (sentō)
- 先投 (sentō)
- 先導 (sendō)
- 先入 (sennyu)
- 先任 (sennin)
- 先年 (sennen)
- 先王 (sennō)
- 先皇 (sennō)
- 先帝 (sennō)
- 先輩 (senpai)
- 先発 (senpatsu)
- 先般 (senpan)
- 先番 (senban)
- 先非 (senpi)
- 先妣 (senpi)
- 先夫 (senpu)
- 先婦 (senpu)
- 先父 (senpu)
- 先負 (senbu)
- 先兵 (senpei)
- 先便 (senben)
- 先鞭 (senben)
- 先方 (senpō)
- 先鋒 (senpō)
- 先務 (senmu)
- 先夜 (sen'ya)
- 先役 (sen'yaku)
- 先約 (sen'yaku)
- 先例 (senrei)
- 機先 (kisen)
- 祖先 (sosen)
- 帥先 (sossen), 卒先 (sossen), 率先 (sossen)
- 優先 (yūsen)
- 先達て (sendatte), 先だって (sendatte)
- 先駆者 (senkusha)
- 先験的 (senkenteki)
- 先伝言 (sendengon, “herald”)
- 鋭先形 (eisenkei)
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Chinese 先 (MC sen).
Historical readings |
---|
|
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰʌ̹n]
- Phonetic hangul: [선]
HanjaEdit
先 (eumhun 먼저 선 (meonjeo seon))
CompoundsEdit
- 선각 (先覺, seon'gak)
- 선결 (先決, seon'gyeol)
- 선고 (先考, seon'go)
- 선구 (先驅, seon'gu)
- 선급 (先給, seon'geup)
- 선김 (先金, seon'gim)
- 선단 (先端, seondan)
- 선대 (先代, seondae)
- 선례 (先例, seollye)
- 선배 (先輩, seonbae)
- 선봉 (先鋒, seonbong)
- 선산 (先山, seonsan)
- 선생 (先生, seonsaeng)
- 선세 (先世, seonse)
- 선수 (先手, seonsu)
- 선약 (先約, seonyak)
- 선열 (先烈, seonyeol)
- 선영 (先塋, seonyeong)
- 선조 (先祖, seonjo)
- 선진 (先進, seonjin)
- 선착 (先着, seonchak)
- 선창 (先唱, seonchang)
- 선천 (先天, seoncheon)
- 선취 (先取, seonchwi)
- 선친 (先親, seonchin)
- 선행 (先行, seonhaeng)
- 우선 (于先, useon)
- 우선 (優先, useon)
- 조선 (祖先, joseon)
- 선구자 (先驅者, seon'guja)
- 선도자 (先導者, seondoja)
- 선입견 (先入見, seonipgyeon)
- 선입관 (先入觀, seonipgwan)
- 선지자 (先知者, seonjija)
- 선진국 (先進國, seonjin'guk)
- 선착순 (先着順, seonchaksun)
- 선천적 (先天的, seoncheonjeok)
- 선후책 (先後策, seonhuchaek)
- 설렁탕 (先農湯, seolleongtang)
Etymology 2Edit
Related to Middle Chinese 洗 (MC seiX).
HanjaEdit
先 (eumhun 전구(前驅) 세 (jeon'gu( 前驅 ) se))
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
先: Hán Việt readings: tiên (
先: Nôm readings: tiên[1][2][3][4][6], tên[1], ten[3], teng[3]