孺

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

孺 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 弓木一月月 (NDMBB), four-corner 1142₇, composition ⿰子需)

Derived charactersEdit

𧃨

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 281, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7042
Dae Jaweon: page 551, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1020, character 1
Unihan data for U+5B7A

ChineseEdit

trad.		孺
simp. ^#		孺
2nd round simp.		⿰子入

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (需) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
羺	*noː
獳	*noː
擩	noːs, njoʔ, njos, njul, *njod
譳	*noːs
懦	noːls, njo
糯	*noːls
需	*sno
繻	sno, njo
鑐	*sno
儒	*njo
濡	njo, noːn
襦	*njo
嚅	*njo
顬	*njo
鱬	*njo
嬬	*njo
臑	*njo
醹	njo, njoʔ
蠕	*njo
孺	*njos

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rú (ru²)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴, jyu⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
Min Dong (BUC): ṳ̀
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lû / jû

(Teochew, Peng'im): ru⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rú
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rú
  - Wade–Giles: ju²
  - Yale: rú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ru
  - Palladius: жу (žu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴, jyu⁶
  - Yale: yùh, yuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴, jy⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴, yu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹/, /jyː²²/

Note: jyu6 - variant.

Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
  - Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû
  - Tâi-lô: lû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû
  - Tâi-lô: jû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: juu
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zu¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ru⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jû
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zu⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ȵɨo^H/

Rime
Character	孺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而遇切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵio^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑio^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ȵio^H/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*no-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*njos/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rù
Middle Chinese	‹ nyu^H ›
Old Chinese	/*no-s/
English	child
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孺
Reading #	1/1
No.	13983
Phonetic component	需
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	孺
Old Chinese	/*njos/

DefinitionsEdit

孺

^† young and small
^† young child

CompoundsEdit

大孺人
孺人
孺子 (rúzǐ)
孺子可教 (rúzǐkějiào)

孺子牛 (rúzǐniú)
孺慕
婦孺／妇孺 (fùrú)
婦孺皆知／妇孺皆知 (fùrújiēzhī)

ReferencesEdit

“孺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

孺

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

On (unclassified): じゅ (ju)
Kun: ちのみご (chinomigo); おさない (osanai)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

孺 (eum 유 (yu))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

孺: Hán Nôm readings: nhọ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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