Wiktionary

ju

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ju"

EnglishEdit

NounEdit

ju (plural not attested)

  1. (Hong Kong, slang) Someone admitted to university through the JUPAS system.

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

AlbanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Albanian *ju(s) identical with Lithuanian jūs id., Gothic jūs id., English you. Ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ju (accusative ju, dative juve, ablative jush)

  1. you (plural or polite)

DeclensionEdit

forms of ju
ju (2nd person plural)
nominative ju
ablative jush
full form clitic
accusative ju ju
dative juve ju
possessive adjective possessive pronoun
juaj juaji

See alsoEdit

Albanian personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person unë ne
2nd person ti ju
3rd person masculine ai ata
feminine ajo ato

ReferencesEdit

^ Orel, Vladimir (1998) Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 195-196

BiluaEdit

NounEdit

ju

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • A Grammar of Bilua: A Papuan Language of the Solomon Islands (2003)

BorôroEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ju

  1. manioc

DalmatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Vulgar Latin eo, from Latin ego.

PronounEdit

ju

  1. (first person singular pronoun) I
    Ju sai rau. ― I am sorry.

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

DrehuEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ju

  1. (anatomy) back

ReferencesEdit

DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Of onomatopoeic origin

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /jy/
  • Audio(file)

InterjectionEdit

ju

  1. Said to a horse to make it start moving.

EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Swedish ju.

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

ju

  1. the; used with des and either pli (“more”) or malpli (“less”) to form the first half of a coordinated comparative.
    • 1903, Ben Elmy, "La Lingvo de la floroj", in The Esperantist: The Esperanto Gazette for the Spreading of the International Language, page 138,
      Ju pli ni studas la florojn, des pli ni konstatas, ke multe da ili posedas nesuspektitajn lertecojn, kiujn apud besto ni volonte nomus instinkto aŭ еĉ prudento.
      The more we study the flowers, the more we establish that many of them possess unexpected abilities, which in an animal we would willingly call instinct or even foresight.

Coordinate termsEdit

EstonianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *ju. Cognate to Finnish jo, Votic jo, and Ludian ďo.

AdverbEdit

ju

  1. Emphasises what is spoken, usually because it is already known and obvious to both parties.
    Ma ju armastan sind.
    I love you, isn't it obvious?
  2. apparently, probably
    Ju ta tahab homme minna.
    He probably wants to go tomorrow.

GothicEdit

RomanizationEdit

ju

  1. Romanization of 𐌾𐌿

GuaraníEdit

VerbEdit

ju (active, intransitive, irregular)

  1. to come (to move towards the speaker)

ConjugationEdit

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

ju

  1. Rōmaji transcription of じゅ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ジュ
  3. Rōmaji transcription of ぢゅ
  4. Rōmaji transcription of ヂュ

LadinEdit

AdverbEdit

ju

  1. down, below
  2. downstairs

Lower SorbianEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ju

  1. accusative of wóna

Related termsEdit

  • nju (after preposition)

MandarinEdit

RomanizationEdit

ju

  1. Nonstandard spelling of jū.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of jú.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of jǔ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of jù.

Usage notesEdit

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

MazahuaEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

ju (upper case Ju)

  1. A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

Middle DutchEdit

PronounEdit

ju

  1. (Flemish, Holland) accusative/dative of gi

Further readingEdit

Middle Low GermanEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Saxon iu, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz.

PronounEdit

jû

  1. accusative/dative of gî: you
DeclensionEdit
Middle Low German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
1st person singular ik (ek) mî (mê, mik, mek) mîn (mîner)
2nd person singular dû dî (dê, dik, dek) dîn (dîner)
3rd person singular
m hê (hî, hie) ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) ēme, em (ȫme, en) sîn (sîner)
n it (et)
f sê (sî, sie, sü̂) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
1st person plural wî (wê, wie) uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) unser (ûser)
2nd person plural gî (jê, î) jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person plural sê (sî, sie) em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

Alternative formsEdit
DescendantsEdit
  • Low German: ju, jug, jo, jau, u, ugg

Etymology 2Edit

DeterminerEdit

jû

  1. your (plural)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ju
nominative accusative dative genitive
Strong declension
Masculine jû jûwen jûwem(e) (jûwennote) jûwes
Neuter jû
Feminine jûwe jûwer(e)
Plural jûwe jûwen jûwer(e)
Weak declension
Masculine jûwe jûwen jûwen
Neuter jûwe
Feminine jûwen
Plural jûwen
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period.

Old FrenchEdit

NounEdit

ju m (oblique plural jus, nominative singular jus, nominative plural ju)

  1. Alternative form of geu

Old FrisianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz.

PronounEdit

jū

  1. accusative/dative of jī

InflectionEdit

Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
nominative ik thū hī hiū, hiō hit wī jī hiā
accusative mī thī hine hiā hit ūs jū, jō hiā
dative mī thī him hire, hiāre him ūs jū, jō him, hirem, hiārem
genitive mīn thīn sīn hire, hiāre sīn ūser jūwer hira, hiāra

DescendantsEdit

  • North Frisian: juu
  • Saterland Frisian: jou, Jou
  • West Frisian: jo

Saterland FrisianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ju/
  • Hyphenation: ju
  • Rhymes: -u

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Frisian hiū, from Proto-West Germanic *hiju, from Proto-Germanic *hijō. Cognates include West Frisian hja and English hoo.

PronounEdit

ju (oblique hier)

  1. she

See alsoEdit

Saterland Frisian personal pronouns
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
stressed iek du hie ju dät wie jie jo
unstressed er ze et ze
objective mie die him hier dät uus jou hier

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative formsEdit

ArticleEdit

ju (unstressed de)

  1. feminine of die

ReferencesEdit

  • Marron C. Fort (2015), “ju”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Serbo-CroatianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Clitic of nju

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ju (Cyrillic spelling ју)

  1. her (clitic accusative singular of òna (“she”))
DeclensionEdit
    Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
nominative ȏn òna òno òni òne òna
genitive njȅga, ga njȇ, je njȅga, ga njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
dative njȅmu, mu njȏj, joj njȅmu, mu njȉma, im njȉma, im njȉma, im
accusative njȅga, ga, nj njȗ, ju, je njȅga, ga, nj njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
vocative — — — — — —
locative njȅm, njȅmu njȏj njȅm, njȅmu njȉma njȉma njȉma
instrumental njȋm, njíme njȏm, njóme njȋm, njíme njȉma njȉma njȉma

Etymology 2Edit

Form of iju

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

ju (Cyrillic spelling ју)

  1. Used to express surprise.

ShuarEdit

DeterminerEdit

ju

  1. this, these

ReferencesEdit

  • Chicham: Dictionario Enciclopédico Shuar-Castellano

SlovakEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • ňu (after prepositions)

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ju f

  1. accusative singular of ona

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Compare Danish jo, Norwegian Nynorsk jo, German ja (adverb) / je (conjunction).

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ju

  1. Used to indicate an expectation of common understanding, or that what is said is an obvious fact – "as you well know," "of course."
    Bussen går ju klockan tre.
    The bus of course leaves at three o'clock / But the bus leaves at three o'clock (with an expectation that the second party in the conversation is aware of the fact)
    Det var ju inte så bra att vi missade bussen. Nu hinner vi inte med flyget.
    It wasn't great that we missed the bus, of course. Now we will miss the flight.

ju...desto

  1. the...the (when comparing)
    Ju större, desto bättre.
    The larger, the better.

Usage notesEdit

Colloquially, desto as a parallel comparative is sometimes replaced by a second ju: "Ju större, ju bättre."

Further readingEdit

WaujaEdit

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

ju

  1. my dear(s), dearie (intimate yet very courteous term of address from one woman to another, esp. to a female sibling, close relative, or companion)
    Hai, ju! Aya awauta apisun wiu. Ume eu. Aya awauta apisun wiu, ju. Hoona! Iseju, wi.
    "Well, dear! Let's find ourselves a lover," she said. "Let's look for a lover for ourselves, my dear." "Agreed!" [said] her younger sister.
    Pitsu neke, ju! uma pakai paiseju ipitsi. Pitsu neke, ju.
    "Your turn now, dearie," the woman said to her younger sister. "Your turn, my dear."
    Munyakawaka wi, kamwo putukawiu, naatsa kamwi eu whun. Hoona! Hai, ju! Aya waku wiu, ju! Hoona! uma pakai. Aya waku wi! Tuma ulepiu!
    It began to be light, the sun showed itself, it was just here on the horizon. So! [The women said to one another:] "Hey there, my dear! Let's go to the riverside, dear!" "Yes, let's do!" came the reply. "Let's go to the river, indeed!" They began to make fresh manioc bread [to give their lover when they met him at the river's edge].
    Ayama ju! Hoona! Iyapai otepo. Onupene otepoga akain! Eh! Ewetemewi, ju! Hokotawi tsiiiii!
    "Let's go [visit the tree] once again, dear!" [the older sister said to the younger]. "All right!" [the younger sister agreed]. [They] went under [the tree]. They saw pequi fruit [on the ground] beneath [the tree]! "Ah! Let's taste it, dear!" [She] cut [it] open: tsiiiii! [sound of slicing open the fruit]

Usage notesEdit

  • "My dear" is a rough translation of the term ju, as there is no counterpart in modern English. This is a traditional term of address between women who are speaking in a tone that is both intimate and gracious. It is simultaneously polite and tender, expressing feminine solicitude at its most comforting. Though this term was routinely used by well-spoken female elders in 1981, it was already beginning to be seen by young people as archaic. Older women would teach the anthropologist to use this lovely old term, and remark that young women nowadays no longer bothered to use it. Meanwhile, young female relatives within earshot typically would just giggle. A few decades later, it was rarely heard in daily speech, and more likely to be encountered in traditional stories. Note that it is not a kinship term, but more like a term of gender solidarity.

See alsoEdit

  • tya (“my man, guys, fellas”)

ReferencesEdit

  • "Hai, ju!" (transcript, p. 9), "Pitsu neke" (p. 33), "Munyakawaka wi" (p. 57), and "Ayama ju!" (p. 72), uttered by Aruta, storyteller and elder, as he recounted the traditional tale, "The Caiman Spirit" (Yakaojokuma). Recorded in Piyulaga village in the presence of assembled elders and others, November 1989. In this story, a chief, who already has two wives, takes two additional ones, causing the first two wives to feel neglected, and to decide to take a lover. The dialogue between the two women makes extensive use of ju in a comedic manner, showing the two woman so utterly jealous at their husband's taking two new wives that they completely — and quite unnaturally — put aside any jealousy between themselves. With utmost courtesy and decorum, the women in the story calmly take turns receiving the amorous attentions of their shared paramour, something it is impossible to imagine any Wauja woman tolerating, which makes the story all the more amusing.

YaleEdit

PronounEdit

ju

  1. you (second-person singular personal pronoun)

YorubaEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

jù

  1. (transitive) to throw
Usage notesEdit
  • ju before a direct object
Derived termsEdit
  • ìjù (“the act of throwing”)
  • jíjù (“throwing”)

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

jù

  1. (transitive) to exceed, to surpass
Usage notesEdit
  • ju before a direct object
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
  • rè (“to exceed in size or dimension”)

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

jù

  1. (intransitive) to be worm-infested
Derived termsEdit
  • ìju (“false pregnancy”)
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