Wiktionary

ju

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ju"

English

edit

Noun

edit

ju (plural not attested)

  1. (Hong Kong, slang) Someone admitted to university through the JUPAS system.

Derived terms

edit

See also

edit

Albanian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Albanian *ju(s) identical with Lithuanian jūs id., Gothic jūs id., English you. Ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs.

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

ju (accusative ju, dative juve, ablative jush)

  1. you (plural or polite)

Declension

edit
Forms of ju (2nd person plural)
nominative ju
ablative jush
full form clitic
accusative ju ju
dative juve ju
possessive adjective possessive pronoun
juaj juaji

See also

edit
Albanian personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person unë ne
2nd person ti ju
3rd person m ai ata
f ajo ato

References

edit

^ Orel, Vladimir (1998) Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 195-196

Bilua

edit

Noun

edit

ju

  1. water

References

edit
  • A Grammar of Bilua: A Papuan Language of the Solomon Islands (2003)

Borôro

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

ju

  1. manioc

Central Mazahua

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

ju (upper case Ju)

  1. A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

See also

edit

Dalmatian

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆. Cognate with Sicilian ju.

Pronoun

edit

ju

  1. (first person singular pronoun) I
    Ju sai rau. ― I am sorry.
edit

See also

edit

Drehu

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

ju

  1. (anatomy) back

References

edit

Dutch

edit

Etymology

edit

Of onomatopoeic origin

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /jy/
  • Audio:(file)

Interjection

edit

ju

  1. said to a horse to make it start moving

Esperanto

edit

Etymology

edit

From Swedish ju.

Pronunciation

edit

Particle

edit

ju

  1. the; used with des and either pli (“more”) or malpli (“less”) to form the first half of a coordinated comparative.
    • 1903, Ben Elmy, “La Lingvo de la floroj”, in The Esperantist: The Esperanto Gazette for the Spreading of the International Language, page 138:
      Ju pli ni studas la florojn, des pli ni konstatas, ke multe da ili posedas nesuspektitajn lertecojn, kiujn apud besto ni volonte nomus instinkto aŭ еĉ prudento.
      The more we study the flowers, the more we establish that many of them possess unexpected abilities, which in an animal we would willingly call instinct or even foresight.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Coordinate terms

edit

Estonian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Finnic *jo (“already”), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ju (“already; yet; now”). Cognate to Finnish jo, Votic jo, and Ludian ďo.

Adverb

edit

ju (not comparable)

  1. Emphasises what is spoken, usually because it is already known and obvious to both parties.
    Ma ju armastan sind.
    I love you, isn't it obvious?
  2. apparently, probably
    Ju ta tahab homme minna.
    He probably wants to go tomorrow.

Gothic

edit

Romanization

edit

ju

  1. Romanization of 𐌾𐌿

Guaraní

edit

Verb

edit

ju (active, intransitive, irregular)

  1. to come (to move towards the speaker)

Conjugation

edit

Japanese

edit

Romanization

edit

ju

  1. The hiragana syllable じゅ (ju) or the katakana syllable ジュ (ju) in Hepburn romanization.
  2. The hiragana syllable ぢゅ (ju) or the katakana syllable ヂュ (ju) in Hepburn romanization.

Kashubian

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)uže.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈju/
  • Rhymes: -u
  • Syllabification: ju

Adverb

edit

ju (not comparable)

  1. already, yet, anymore

Further reading

edit
  • Stefan Ramułt (1993) [1893] “ju”, in Jerzy Trepczyk, editor, Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), 3 edition
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “już”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[1]
  • “ju”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Ladin

edit

Adverb

edit

ju

  1. down, below
  2. downstairs

Lower Sorbian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

ju

  1. accusative of wóna
edit
  • nju (after preposition)

Mandarin

edit

Romanization

edit

ju

  1. Nonstandard spelling of jū.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of jú.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of jǔ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of jù.

Usage notes

edit
  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

edit

Pronoun

edit

ju

  1. (Flemish, Holland) accusative/dative of gi

Further reading

edit

Middle Low German

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Old Saxon iu, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz.

Pronoun

edit

jû

  1. accusative/dative of gî: you
Declension
edit
Middle Low German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
singular 1st person ik (ek) mî (mê, mik, mek) mîn (mîner)
2nd person dû dî (dê, dik, dek) dîn (dîner)
3rd person m hê (hî, hie) ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) ēme, em (ȫme, en) sîn (sîner)
n it (et)
f sê (sî, sie, sü̂) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
plural 1st person wî (wê, wie) uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) unser (ûser)
2nd person gî (jê, î) jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person sê (sî, sie) em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

Alternative forms
edit
Descendants
edit
  • Low German: ju, jug, jo, jau, u, ugg

Etymology 2

edit

Determiner

edit

jû

  1. your (plural)
Declension
edit
Declension of ju
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine
Strong declension
nominative jû jûwe
accusative jûwen jû jûwe
dative jûwem(e) (jûwennote) jûwer(e) jûwen
genitive jûwes jûwer(e)
Weak declension
nominative jûwe jûwen
accusative jûwen jûwe jûwen
dative jûwen
genitive

The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period.

Old Czech

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

ju

  1. singular accusative of ona

Old French

edit

Noun

edit

ju oblique singular, m (oblique plural jus, nominative singular jus, nominative plural ju)

  1. Alternative form of geu

Old Frisian

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz.

Pronoun

edit

jū

  1. accusative/dative of jī

Declension

edit
Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
nominative accusative dative genitive
singular 1st person ik mī mī mīn
2nd person thū thī thī thīn
3rd
person 		m hī hine him sīn
f hiū, hiō hiā hire, hiāre hire, hiāre
n hit hit him sīn
plural 1st person wī ūs ūs ūser
2nd person jī jū, jō jū, jō jūwer
3rd person hiā hiā him, hirem, hiārem hira, hiāra

Descendants

edit
  • North Frisian: juu
  • Saterland Frisian: jou, Jou
  • West Frisian: jo

Saterland Frisian

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ju/
  • Hyphenation: ju
  • Rhymes: -u

Etymology 1

edit

From Old Frisian hiū, from Proto-West Germanic *hiju, from Proto-Germanic *hijō. Cognates include West Frisian hja and English hoo.

Pronoun

edit

ju (oblique hier)

  1. she

See also

edit
Saterland Frisian personal pronouns
subject case object case
stressed unstressed
singular 1st iek mie
2nd du die
3rd m hie er him
f ju ze hier
n dät et dät
plural 1st wie uus
2nd jie jou
3rd jo ze hier

Etymology 2

edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

edit

Article

edit

ju (unstressed de)

  1. feminine of die

References

edit
  • Marron C. Fort (2015) “ju”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Clitic of nju

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

ju (Cyrillic spelling ју)

  1. her (clitic accusative singular of òna (“she”))
Declension
edit
Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative ȏn òna òno òni òne òna
genitive njȅga, ga njȇ, je njȅga, ga njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
dative njȅmu, mu njȏj, joj njȅmu, mu njȉma, im njȉma, im njȉma, im
accusative njȅga, ga, nj njȗ, ju, je njȅga, ga, nj njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
vocative — — — — — —
locative njȅm, njȅmu njȏj njȅm, njȅmu njȉma njȉma njȉma
instrumental njȋm, njíme njȏm, njóme njȋm, njíme njȉma njȉma njȉma

Etymology 2

edit

Form of iju

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Interjection

edit

ju (Cyrillic spelling ју)

  1. Used to express surprise.

Shuar

edit

Determiner

edit

ju

  1. this, these

References

edit
  • Chicham: Dictionario Enciclopédico Shuar-Castellano

Sicilian

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • jo (o-coloured variant, dialectal (possible italianism/hiberism))
  • eu, jeu (paroxytone doublett, also diphthongozed, from *égo)
  • ia (Gallo-italic of Sicily, dialectal)
  • iu (italianism, dialectal)
  • jù, jèu, jò, ìa, ìu (non-standard, redundant diacritics)

Etymology

edit

Possibly retained from a medieval dialectal usage of Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), through a technical reconstruction in the form of *egú ~ *igú < *(i)jú. Otherwise from an oxytonical change of Classical Latin egō̆. Cognate with Aromanian iou, Corsican eiu, French je, Italian and Neapolitan io, Catalan jo, Galician and Portuguese eu, Romanian eu, Spanish yo, Sardinian ego. Doublet of eu.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ju/
  • Hyphenation: jù

Pronoun

edit

ju

  1. (first person singular pronoun) I
    Ju sacciu lèggiri 'n sicilianu. ― I can read Sicilian.

Usage notes

edit
  • It can be encliticly postponed to the verb (tipically in perfect tense):
    Ti parra'-ju. ― I talked to you.
  • It can can also reiterate with the subject-pronoun
    Ju ci parra'-ju
    I talked to him.

Inflection

edit
nominative ju
prepositional mìa
accusative mi
dative mi
reflexive mi

Derived terms

edit

See also

edit

Slovak

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • ňu (after prepositions)

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

ju

  1. accusative of ona

Swedish

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Swedish iū, io. Compare Danish jo, Norwegian Nynorsk jo, German ja (adverb) / je (conjunction).

Pronunciation

edit

Adverb

edit

ju

  1. Indicates an expectation of shared understanding, or that what is said is an obvious fact – "as you well know," "of course."
    Bussen går ju klockan tre.
    The bus of course leaves at three o'clock / But the bus leaves at three o'clock (with an expectation that the second party in the conversation is aware of the fact)
    Det var ju inte så bra att vi missade bussen. Nu hinner vi inte med flyget.
    It wasn't great that we missed the bus, of course. Now we will miss the flight.
    Varför gjorde du det inte? Du lovade ju!
    Why didn't you do it? You promised (as you know)!
    – Filmen var bra. – Det var den ju inte alls!
    – The movie was good. – No it wasn't (and this should be our common understanding, as a fact – the ju adds a bit of an argumentative tone, similar to the "No")!
    Vad fan, ytterdörren står öppen
    What the hell, the front door is open (think two people coming home)
    Vad fan, ytterdörren står ju öppen
    What the hell, the front door is open (and this is (or will very soon be) our common understanding, as a fact, as you can also see that it is open – the ju just acts as an emphasizer here)

ju...desto

  1. the...the (when comparing)
    Ju större, desto bättre.
    The larger, the better.

Usage notes

edit

Colloquially, desto as a parallel comparative is sometimes replaced by a second ju: "Ju större, ju bättre." "Desto större, desto bättre" also occurs.

References

edit

Wauja

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Interjection

edit

ju

  1. my dear(s), dearie (intimate yet very courteous term of address from one woman to another, esp. to a female sibling, close relative, or companion)
    Hai, ju! Aya awauta apisun wiu. Ume eu. Aya awauta apisun wiu, ju. Hoona! Iseju, wi.
    "Well, dear! Let's find ourselves a lover," she said. "Let's look for a lover for ourselves, my dear." "Agreed!" [said] her younger sister.
    Pitsu neke, ju! uma pakai paiseju ipitsi. Pitsu neke, ju.
    "Your turn now, dearie," the woman said to her younger sister. "Your turn, my dear."
    Munyakawaka wi, kamwo putukawiu, naatsa kamwi eu whun. Hoona! Hai, ju! Aya waku wiu, ju! Hoona! uma pakai. Aya waku wi! Tuma ulepiu!
    It began to be light, the sun showed itself, it was just here on the horizon. So! [The women said to one another:] "Hey there, my dear! Let's go to the riverside, dear!" "Yes, let's do!" came the reply. "Let's go to the river, indeed!" They began to make fresh manioc bread [to give their lover when they met him at the river's edge].
    Ayama ju! Hoona! Iyapai otepo. Onupene otepoga akain! Eh! Ewetemewi, ju! Hokotawi tsiiiii!
    "Let's go [visit the tree] once again, dear!" [the older sister said to the younger]. "All right!" [the younger sister agreed]. [They] went under [the tree]. They saw pequi fruit [on the ground] beneath [the tree]! "Ah! Let's taste it, dear!" [She] cut [it] open: tsiiiii! [sound of slicing open the fruit]

Usage notes

edit
  • "My dear" is a rough translation of the term ju, as there is no counterpart in modern English. This is a traditional term of address between women who are speaking in a tone that is both intimate and gracious. It is simultaneously polite and tender, expressing feminine solicitude at its most comforting. Though this term was routinely used by well-spoken female elders in 1981, it was already beginning to be seen by young people as archaic. Older women would teach the anthropologist to use this lovely old term, and remark that young women nowadays no longer bothered to use it. Meanwhile, young female relatives within earshot typically would just giggle. A few decades later, it was rarely heard in daily speech, and more likely to be encountered in traditional stories. Note that it is not a kinship term, but more like a term of gender solidarity.

See also

edit
  • tya (“my man, guys, fellas”)

References

edit
  • "Hai, ju!" (transcript, p. 9), "Pitsu neke" (p. 33), "Munyakawaka wi" (p. 57), and "Ayama ju!" (p. 72), uttered by Aruta, storyteller and elder, as he recounted the traditional tale, "The Caiman Spirit" (Yakaojokuma). Recorded in Piyulaga village in the presence of assembled elders and others, November 1989. In this story, a chief, who already has two wives, takes two additional ones, causing the first two wives to feel neglected, and to decide to take a lover. The dialogue between the two women makes extensive use of ju in a comedic manner, showing the two woman so utterly jealous at their husband's taking two new wives that they completely — and quite unnaturally — put aside any jealousy between themselves. With utmost courtesy and decorum, the women in the story calmly take turns receiving the amorous attentions of their shared paramour, something it is impossible to imagine any Wauja woman tolerating, which makes the story all the more amusing.

Yale

edit

Pronoun

edit

ju

  1. you (second-person singular personal pronoun)

Yoruba

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

jù

  1. (transitive) to throw
Usage notes
edit
  • ju before a direct object
Derived terms
edit
  • ìjù (“the act of throwing”)
  • jíjù (“throwing”)

Etymology 2

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

jù

  1. (transitive) to exceed, to surpass
Usage notes
edit
  • ju before a direct object
Derived terms
edit
edit
  • rè (“to exceed in size or dimension”)

Etymology 3

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

jù

  1. (intransitive) to be worm-infested
Derived terms
edit
  • ìju (“false pregnancy”)
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ju&oldid=84323779"