心得
Chinese edit
heart; mind | get; obtain; gain get; obtain; gain; proper; suitable; proud; contented; allow; permit; ready; finished; a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect; degree or possibility; to have to; must; ought to; to need to | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (心得) |
心 | 得 |
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
心得
Synonyms edit
Japanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
心 | 得 |
こころ Grade: 2 |
え Grade: 5 |
kun’yomi |
連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 心得る (kokoroeru, “to know, understand”), from classical verb 心得 (kokorou, see below).
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) こころえ [kòkóróꜜè] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3]
- (Tokyo) こころえ [kòkóróéꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[1][2][3]
- (Tokyo) こころえ [kòkóróé] (Heiban – [0])[3]
- IPA(key): [ko̞ko̞ɾo̞e̞]
Noun edit
- knowledge of, knowing something of, experience in
- 音楽の心得がある
- ongaku no kokoroe ga aru
- I have experience in music
- 音楽の心得がある
- regulations, instructions
- 登山の心得
- tozan no kokoroe
- instructions for mountain climbing
- 登山の心得
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
- 不心得 (fukokoroe, “indiscretion; imprudence”)
- 不心得を戒める (fukokoroe o imashimeru, “to caution a person against misconduct”)
- 不心得者 (fukokoroemono, “imprudent (misguided) fellow”)
- 執務心得 (shitsumu kokoroe, “guide to office routine; guide to the performance of official duties”)
- 心得違い (kokoroe chigai, “imprudence; misbehavior; misbehaviour; misunderstanding”)
- 心得難い (kokoroe gatai, “hard to understand or accept”)
- 心得顔 (kokoroegao, “knowing look”)
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
心 | 得 |
こころ Grade: 2 |
ゆ Grade: 5 |
kun’yomi |
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
心 | 得 |
こころ Grade: 2 |
う Grade: 5 |
kun’yomi |
心 (kokoro, “heart”) + 得 (u, Classical Japanese form of 得る (eru, “to get”))
Verb edit
心得 or 心得 • (kokorou or kokoroyu) †nidan
- Classical Japanese form of 心得る (kokoroeru)
Conjugation edit
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 心得 | こころえ | kokoroe |
Continuative (連用形) | 心得 | こころえ | kokoroe |
Terminal (終止形) | 心得 | こころう | kokorou |
Attributive (連体形) | 心得る | こころうる | kokorouru |
Realis (已然形) | 心得れ | こころうれ | kokoroure |
Imperative (命令形) | 心得よ | こころえよ | kokoroeyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 心得ず | こころえず | kokoroezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 心得れど | こころうれど | kokorouredo |
Causal conjunction | 心得れば | こころうれば | kokoroureba |
Conditional conjunction | 心得ば | こころえば | kokoroeba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 心得き | こころえき | kokoroeki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 心得けり | こころえけり | kokoroekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 心得つ | こころえつ | kokoroetu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 心得ぬ | こころえぬ | kokoroenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 心得たり | こころえたり | kokoroetari |
Volitional | 心得む | こころえむ | kokoroemu |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 心得 | こころえ | kokoroe |
Continuative (連用形) | 心得 | こころえ | kokoroe |
Terminal (終止形) | 心得 | こころゆ | kokoroyu |
Attributive (連体形) | 心得る | こころゆる | kokoroyuru |
Realis (已然形) | 心得れ | こころゆれ | kokoroyure |
Imperative (命令形) | 心得よ | こころえよ | kokoroeyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 心得ず | こころえず | kokoroezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 心得れど | こころゆれど | kokoroyuredo |
Causal conjunction | 心得れば | こころゆれば | kokoroyureba |
Conditional conjunction | 心得ば | こころえば | kokoroeba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 心得き | こころえき | kokoroeki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 心得けり | こころえけり | kokoroekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 心得つ | こころえつ | kokoroetu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 心得ぬ | こころえぬ | kokoroenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 心得たり | こころえたり | kokoroetari |
Volitional | 心得む | こころえむ | kokoroemu |
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.