心得
Chinese
editheart; mind | get; obtain; gain get; obtain; gain; proper; suitable; proud; contented; allow; permit; ready; finished; a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect; degree or possibility; to have to; must; ought to; to need to | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (心得) |
心 | 得 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sam1 dak1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sîm-tet
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sim-tek / sim-tiak
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄉㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sindé
- Wade–Giles: hsin1-tê2
- Yale: syīn-dé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinder
- Palladius: синьдэ (sinʹdɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sam1 dak1
- Yale: sām dāk
- Cantonese Pinyin: sam1 dak7
- Guangdong Romanization: sem1 deg1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐm⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîm-tet
- Hakka Romanization System: ximˊ dedˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xim1 ded5
- Sinological IPA: /sim²⁴ tet̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sim-tek
- Tâi-lô: sim-tik
- Phofsit Daibuun: simdeg
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sim⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sim⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sim-tiak
- Tâi-lô: sim-tiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: simdiag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sim³³ tiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Noun
edit心得
Synonyms
editJapanese
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
心 | 得 |
こころ Grade: 2 |
え Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 心得る (kokoroeru, “to know, understand”), from classical verb 心得 (kokorou, see below).
Pronunciation
edit- (Tokyo) こころえ [kòkóróꜜè] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3]
- (Tokyo) こころえ [kòkóróéꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[1][2][3]
- (Tokyo) こころえ [kòkóróé] (Heiban – [0])[3]
- IPA(key): [ko̞ko̞ɾo̞e̞]
Noun
edit- knowledge of, knowing something of, experience in
- 音楽の心得がある
- ongaku no kokoroe ga aru
- I have experience in music
- 音楽の心得がある
- regulations, instructions
- 登山の心得
- tozan no kokoroe
- instructions for mountain climbing
- 登山の心得
Derived terms
editDerived terms
- 不心得 (fukokoroe, “indiscretion; imprudence”)
- 不心得を戒める (fukokoroe o imashimeru, “to caution a person against misconduct”)
- 不心得者 (fukokoroemono, “imprudent (misguided) fellow”)
- 執務心得 (shitsumu kokoroe, “guide to office routine; guide to the performance of official duties”)
- 心得違い (kokoroe chigai, “imprudence; misbehavior; misbehaviour; misunderstanding”)
- 心得難い (kokoroe gatai, “hard to understand or accept”)
- 心得顔 (kokoroegao, “knowing look”)
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
心 | 得 |
こころ Grade: 2 |
ゆ Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
心 | 得 |
こころ Grade: 2 |
う Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
心 (kokoro, “heart”) + 得 (u, Classical Japanese form of 得る (eru, “to get”))
Verb
edit心得 or 心得 • (kokorou or kokoroyu) †nidan
- Classical Japanese form of 心得る (kokoroeru)
Conjugation
editStem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 心得 | こころえ | kokoroe |
Continuative (連用形) | 心得 | こころえ | kokoroe |
Terminal (終止形) | 心得 | こころう | kokorou |
Attributive (連体形) | 心得る | こころうる | kokorouru |
Realis (已然形) | 心得れ | こころうれ | kokoroure |
Imperative (命令形) | 心得よ | こころえよ | kokoroeyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 心得ず | こころえず | kokoroezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 心得れど | こころうれど | kokorouredo |
Causal conjunction | 心得れば | こころうれば | kokoroureba |
Conditional conjunction | 心得ば | こころえば | kokoroeba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 心得き | こころえき | kokoroeki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 心得けり | こころえけり | kokoroekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 心得つ | こころえつ | kokoroetu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 心得ぬ | こころえぬ | kokoroenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 心得たり | こころえたり | kokoroetari |
Volitional | 心得む | こころえむ | kokoroemu |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 心得 | こころえ | kokoroe |
Continuative (連用形) | 心得 | こころえ | kokoroe |
Terminal (終止形) | 心得 | こころゆ | kokoroyu |
Attributive (連体形) | 心得る | こころゆる | kokoroyuru |
Realis (已然形) | 心得れ | こころゆれ | kokoroyure |
Imperative (命令形) | 心得よ | こころえよ | kokoroeyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 心得ず | こころえず | kokoroezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 心得れど | こころゆれど | kokoroyuredo |
Causal conjunction | 心得れば | こころゆれば | kokoroyureba |
Conditional conjunction | 心得ば | こころえば | kokoroeba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 心得き | こころえき | kokoroeki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 心得けり | こころえけり | kokoroekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 心得つ | こころえつ | kokoroetu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 心得ぬ | こころえぬ | kokoroenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 心得たり | こころえたり | kokoroetari |
Volitional | 心得む | こころえむ | kokoroemu |
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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