心
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative formsEdit
- 忄 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
- 㣺 (sometimes found as a bottom Chinese radical in characters such as 慕)
Han characterEdit
心 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心 (P), four-corner 33000, composition ⿲丿⿺乚丶丶 or ⿲丿⿺㇃丶丶)
- Kangxi radical #61, ⼼.
Usage notesEdit
When written as a bottom radical, 心 is similar to 灬 (fire radical) but is distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, passing under the third stroke.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/心
- 伈, 𠖶, 吣, 𡉾, 𡚿, 抋, 沁, 𣅵, 𦙦, 杺, 𤆸, 𬌓, 𪻒, 𥘚, 𥹀, 𥿂, 𬚲, 𠴤, 𫴭, 訫, 𧺨, 𨊳, 𨠉, 鈊, 𪶚, 𩵽, 𩾽
- 吢, 𬐘, 𠓣, 孞, 𫲽, 芯, 𬅟, 𬌔, 𥥁, 𡧫, 𬜫, 𬔰, 窓, 𩂈, 𦵃, 𮪾, 𠼿, 𥯱, 𧃅, 𧀱, 𧂡, 𥌷, 𧮗, 𫻪, 𠪾, 𤵂, 𤻮, 虑, 𧆹, 闷, 𨶡
- 徳, 聴, 𠍴, 𠎝, 䧭, 䏋
Further readingEdit
- KangXi: page 375, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31302
- Dae Jaweon: page 700, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2267, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5FC3
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
心 |
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Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 心 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)am-s.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
心
- heart (Classifier: 顆/颗 m; 個/个 c; 粒 mn)
- mind
- thought; idea
- intention
- center; core
- (~宿) (Chinese astronomy) Heart mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Others:
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Kun: こころ (kokoro, 心, Jōyō)
- Nanori: うち (uchi); きよ (kiyo); ご (go); ごり (gori); さね (sane); なか (naka); まこと (makoto); み (mi); むね (mune); もと (moto)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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心 |
こころ Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
⟨ko2ko2ro2⟩ → */kəkərə/ → /kokoro/
From Old Japanese 心 (ko2ko2ro2, “heart, mind, spirit”), from Proto-Japonic *kəkərə.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- mind, heart, spirit, soul; thoughts, ideas
- 2007 March 16, CLAMP, “Chapitre.134 唯一の存在 [Chapitre 134: The Only One]”, in ツバサ RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE [Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle], volume 18 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 31–32:
- ‥‥それでも行きます 小狼君の心を取り戻す為に
- ‥‥Sore demo ikimasu Shaoran-kun no kokoro o torimodosu tame ni
- …Even so, I will go on, to get back Xiaolang-kun’s heart
- ‥‥それでも行きます 小狼君の心を取り戻す為に
- 心の底から ― kokoro no soko kara ― from the bottom of one's heart
- 人の心を奪う ― hito no kokoro o ubau ― to steal someone's heart → to captivate someone
- attention, mind, interest
- 心ここにあらず ― kokoro koko ni arazu ― absent minded
- heart, feelings, emotion, emotional state
- 心温まる風景 ― kokoro atatamaru fūkei ― a heart warming situation
- wholeheartedness, sincerity, true heart
- 心のこもっていない ― kokoro no komotteinai ― not sincere
- 心のこもった ― kokoro no komotta ― sincere
- 心なき仕業 ― kokoro naki shiwaza ― cruel deed
- sympathy, heart, consideration, generous disposition
- 心がない ― kokoro ga nai ― lacking sympathy and consideration
- a meaning, essence
- その心が分かっていない ― sono kokoro ga wakatteinai ― not understanding what it really means
- an answer (for example, to a riddle)
- その心は ― sono kokoro wa ― the answer is
- the heart (organ in the body)
- Synonym: 心臓 (shinzō)
- the chest
- Synonym: 胸 (mune)
- the title of a book
- Synonym: 書名 (shomei)
Derived termsEdit
VerbEdit
心する • (kokoro suru) suru (stem 心し (kokoro shi), past 心した (kokoro shita))
- to caution, to be careful
- c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 16, poem 1138)
- 心して稀に吹きつる秋風を山おろしにはなさじとぞ思ふ
- kokoro shite mare ni fukitsuru akikaze o yamaoroshi ni wa nasaji to zo omou
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 心して稀に吹きつる秋風を山おろしにはなさじとぞ思ふ
- c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 16, poem 1138)
- to feel a certain emotion
ConjugationEdit
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 心し | こころし | kokoro shi | |
Continuative (連用形) | 心し | こころし | kokoro shi | |
Terminal (終止形) | 心する | こころする | kokoro suru | |
Attributive (連体形) | 心する | こころする | kokoro suru | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 心すれ | こころすれ | kokoro sure | |
Imperative (命令形) | 心せよ¹ 心しろ² |
こころせよ¹ こころしろ² |
kokoro seyo¹ kokoro shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 心される | こころされる | kokoro sareru | |
Causative | 心させる 心さす |
こころさせる こころさす |
kokoro saseru kokoro sasu | |
Potential | 心できる | こころできる | kokoro dekiru | |
Volitional | 心しよう | こころしよう | kokoro shiyō | |
Negative | 心しない | こころしない | kokoro shinai | |
Negative continuative | 心せず | こころせず | kokoro sezu | |
Formal | 心します | こころします | kokoro shimasu | |
Perfective | 心した | こころした | kokoro shita | |
Conjunctive | 心して | こころして | kokoro shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 心すれば | こころすれば | kokoro sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Stem forms | |||
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Irrealis (未然形) | 心せ | こころせ | kokorose |
Continuative (連用形) | 心し | こころし | kokorosi |
Terminal (終止形) | 心す | こころす | kokorosu |
Attributive (連体形) | 心する | こころする | kokorosuru |
Realis (已然形) | 心すれ | こころすれ | kokorosure |
Imperative (命令形) | 心せよ | こころせよ | kokoroseyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 心せず | こころせず | kokorosezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 心すれど | こころすれど | kokorosuredo |
Causal conjunction | 心すれば | こころすれば | kokorosureba |
Conditional conjunction | 心せば | こころせば | kokoroseba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 心しき | こころしき | kokorosiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 心しけり | こころしけり | kokorosikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 心しつ | こころしつ | kokorositu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 心しぬ | こころしぬ | kokorosinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 心せり 心したり |
こころせり こころしたり |
kokoroseri kokorositari |
Volitional | 心せむ | こころせむ | kokorosemu |
Proper nounEdit
- a female given name
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
心 |
うら Grade: 2 |
Irregular |
From Old Japanese.
Cognate with 裏 (ura, “inside”) and 浦 (ura, “inlet”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
- 占, 卜 (ura, “divination, fortunetelling”)
- 心もなし (ura mo nashi)
PrefixEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
心 |
しん Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
/sim/ → /simʉ/ → */ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/
From Middle Chinese 心 (MC siɪm).
The Buddhist sense is a translation of Pali and Sanskrit चित्त (citta).
Alternative formsEdit
- (center): 芯
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- heart, mind, core
- spirit, vitality
- inner strength, marrow
- the center of something:
- a wick
- (Buddhism) citta: the ego or spirit
- (Buddhism) Short for 心王 (shinnō): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - the heart (organ in the body)
- lead (as of a pencil)
- padding
- a companion, fellow
- the center of focus:
- a basis, foundation
AffixEdit
Proper nounEdit
- (Chinese astronomy) the Heart constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
- a male or female given name
- a surname
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 心 (MC siɪm).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 심 (Yale: sìm) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆷ (Yale: mòzòm) | 심 (Yale: sìm) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰim]
- Phonetic hangul: [심]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Old JapaneseEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Japonic *kəkərə.
NounEdit
心 (ko2ko2ro2) (kana こころ)
Derived termsEdit
- 吾が心 (aga ko2ko2ro2)
DescendantsEdit
- Japanese: 心 (こころ, kokoro)
Etymology 2Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
NounEdit
心 (ko2ko2ri) (kana ここり)
- (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) heart, mind, spirit
- (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) emotion, feeling
Derived termsEdit
- 田心姫 (Tago2ri-pi1me1)
Etymology 3Edit
Cognate with 裏 (ura, “inside”) and 浦 (ura, “inlet”).
NounEdit
心 (ura) (kana うら)
Derived termsEdit
- 占, 卜 (ura, “divination, fortunetelling”)
- 心もなし (ura mo nasi)
DescendantsEdit
- Japanese: 心 (うら, ura)
PrefixEdit
心 (ura-) (kana うら)
ReferencesEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
心: Hán Việt readings: tâm (
心: Nôm readings: tâm[1][2][4][6], tấm[3][7][4][6], tim[1][3], tăm[1]