See also:
U+5FC3, 心
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FC3

[U+5FC2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5FC4]
U+2F3C, ⼼
KANGXI RADICAL HEART

[U+2F3B]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F3D]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative forms edit

  • (when used as a left Chinese radical)
  • (sometimes found as a bottom Chinese radical in characters such as )

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 61, +0, 4 strokes, cangjie input (P), four-corner 33000, composition 丿 or 丿)

  1. Kangxi radical #61, .

Usage notes edit

When written as a bottom radical, is similar to (fire radical) but is distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, passing under the third stroke.

Derived characters edit

Further reading edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 375, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10295
  • Dae Jaweon: page 700, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2267, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5FC3

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
           

Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)am-s.

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • sim1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Pontianak;
  • sing1 - Chenghai.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ɕin⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕin²¹/
    Jinan /ɕiẽ²¹³/
    Qingdao /siə̃²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /sin²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕiẽ²¹/
    Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
    Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ɕĩ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /sin³¹/
    Hefei /ɕin²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
    Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /sin¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /sin³³/
    Xiangtan /sin³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕin⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /sim⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /sim²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐm⁵³/
    Nanning /ɬɐm⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /sɐm⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sim⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /seiŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /sim³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /tim²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (16)
    Final () (139)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter sim
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /siɪm/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /sim/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /sjem/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /sim/
    Li
    Rong
    /siəm/
    Wang
    Li
    /sĭĕm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /si̯əm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    xīn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sam1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    xīn
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ sim ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*səm/
    English heart

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13801
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*slɯm/

    Definitions edit

    1. heart (Classifier: m;  c;  mn)
    2. mind
    3. thought; idea
    4. intention
    5. center; core
    6. (~宿) (Chinese astronomy) Heart (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)
      Synonyms: (shāng), (chén)

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (しん) (shin)
    • Korean: 심(心) (sim)
    • Vietnamese: tâm ()

    Others:

    • Vietnamese: tim (heart)
    • Zhuang: sim

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. heart
    2. mind
    3. core

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    こころ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings
    (rare)
    (rare)

    ⟨ko2ko2ro2 → */kəkərə//kokoro/

    From Old Japanese (ko2ko2ro2), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kəkərə. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

    Compare Okinawan (kukuru).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (こころ) (kokoro

    1. mind, heart, spirit, soul; thoughts, ideas
      (こころ)(そこ)からkokoro no soko karafrom the bottom of one's heart
      (ひと)(こころ)(うば)hito no kokoro o ubauto steal someone's heart → to captivate someone
      • 2007 March 16, CLAMP, “Chapitre(シャピトル).134(ひゃくさんじゅうよん) (ゆい)(いつ)(そん)(ざい)”, in ツバサ RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE, volume 18 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 31–32:
        ‥‥それでも()きます (シャオ)(ラン)(くん)(こころ)()(もど)(ため)
        ‥‥Sore demo ikimasu Shaoran-kun no kokoro o torimodosu tame ni
        …Even so, I will go on, to get back Xiaolang-kun’s heart
    2. attention, mind, interest
      (こころ)ここにあらずkokoro koko ni arazuabsent minded
    3. heart, feelings, emotion, emotional state
      (こころ)(あたた)まる(ふう)(けい)kokoro atatamaru fūkeia heart warming situation
    4. wholeheartedness, sincerity, true heart
      (こころ)のこもっていないkokoro no komotteinainot sincere
      (こころ)のこもったkokoro no komottasincere
      (こころ)なき()(わざ)kokoro naki shiwazacruel deed
    5. sympathy, heart, consideration, generous disposition
      (こころ)がないkokoro ga nailacking sympathy and consideration
    6. a meaning, essence
      その(こころ)()かっていないsono kokoro ga wakatteinainot understanding what it really means
    7. an answer (to a riddle, etc.)
      その(こころ)sono kokoro wathe answer is
    8. the heart as an organ in the body
      Synonym: 心臓 (shinzō)
    9. the chest
      Synonym: (mune)
    10. the title of a book
      Synonym: 書名 (shomei)
    Derived terms edit
    Idioms edit

    Proper noun edit

    (こころ) or (こゝろ) (Kokoro

    1. a female given name

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    うら
    Grade: 2
    irregular

    From Old Japanese.

    Cognate with (ura, inside) and (ura, inlet).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (うら) (ura

    1. a heart, inner feelings
    Derived terms edit

    Prefix edit

    (うら) (ura-

    1. expresses heartfelt feeling
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 3 edit

    Kanji in this term
    しん
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    (center)

    /simʉ/ → */ɕimʉ//ɕiɴ/

    From Middle Chinese (MC sim).

    The Buddhist sense is a translation of Pali and Sanskrit चित्त (citta).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (しん) (shin

    1. a heart, mind, core
    2. a spirit, vitality
    3. inner strength, marrow
    4. the center of something:
      1. , : the core (for example, of a fruit)
      2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    5. , : a wick
    6. (Buddhism) citta: the ego or spirit
      Synonyms: 主観 (shukan), 精神 (seishin)
      Antonym: (shiki)
    7. (Buddhism) Short for 心王 (shinnō): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    8. the heart as an organ in the body
    9. lead (as of a pencil)
    10. padding
    11. a companion, fellow
      Synonyms: 友達 (tomodachi), 仲間 (nakama)
    12. the center of focus:
      1. the important part
        Synonym: 主脳 (shunō)
      2. (theater) Alternative spelling of (shin): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    13. a basis, foundation
      Synonyms: 基礎 (kiso), 根拠 (konkyo)

    Affix edit

    (しん) (shin

    1. Short for 心臓 (shinzō): heart as an organ in the body
    2. Short for 心頭 (shintō): heart, mind, spirit
    3. Short for 中心 (chūshin): center, middle

    Proper noun edit

    (しん) (Shin

    1. (Chinese astronomy) the Heart constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
      Synonyms: 商星 (Shōsei), 心宿 (Shinshuku), 中子星 (Nakagoboshi)
    2. a male or female given name
    3. a surname

    Derived terms edit

    References edit

    1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC sim).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 (Yale: sìm)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆷ (Yale: mòzòm) (Yale: sìm)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 마음 (ma'eum sim))

    1. Hanja form? of (heart; feeling; emotion).

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [5]

    Okinawan edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    くくる
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *kokoro.

    Cognate with mainland Japanese (こころ) (kokoro).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (くくる) (kukuru

    1. a heart, mind, spirit
      Synonym: (chimu)
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    ふくまーみ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From (fuku, lung) +‎ (māmi, bean).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (ふくまーみ) (fukumāmi

    1. (anatomy) a heart

    Etymology 3 edit

    Kanji in this term
    しん
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi
    Alternative spelling

    From Middle Chinese (MC sim).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (しん) (shin

    1. the center
    2. , : the core
    3. : a wick
    4. a heart, mind, spirit
    Derived terms edit

    Old Japanese edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    From Proto-Japonic *kəkərə.

    Noun edit

    (ko2ko2ro2) (kana こころ)

    1. a heart, mind, spirit
    2. an emotion, feeling
      • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3466:
        ,[1] text here
        麻可奈思美奴禮婆許登爾豆佐禰奈敝波己許呂乃緖呂爾能里弖可奈思母
        ma-kanasimi1 nureba ko2to2 ni du sanenape1ba ko2ko2ro2 no2 woro2 ni no2rite kanasi mo
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Derived terms edit
    Descendants edit
    • Japanese: (kokoro)

    Etymology 2 edit

    Possibly the eastern dialect form or a misreading of ko2ko2ro2 above.

    Noun edit

    (ko2ko2ri) (kana ここり)

    1. (regional, Southern Eastern Old Japanese) Same as (ko2ko2ro2) above
      • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4390:
        , text here
        牟浪他麻乃久留爾久枳作之加多米等之以母加去去里波阿用久奈米加母
        muratama no2 kuru ni kugi1 sasi katame2to2si imo ka ko2ko2ri pa ayo1ku name2 ka mo
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Usage notes edit

    Given this Eastern reflex, some scholars interpret the as ⟨ro2 rather than ⟨ri⟩, thus giving the impression that the term is the same ko2ko2ro2 used in other attestations. [2][3]

    Etymology 3 edit

    Cognate with (ura, inside) and (ura, inlet).

    Noun edit

    (ura) (kana うら)

    1. heart, inner feelings
    Derived terms edit
    Descendants edit
    • Japanese: (ura)

    Prefix edit

    (ura-) (kana うら)

    1. expresses heartfelt feeling

    References edit

    1. ^ Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.
    2. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    3. ^ ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Việt readings: tâm (()(lâm)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    : Nôm readings: tâm[1][2][4][6], tấm[3][7][4][6], tim[1][3], tăm[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of tâm (heart; feeling).

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    Zhuang edit

    Noun edit

    1. Sawndip form of sim (heart)