心

See also: 必

心	U+5FC3, 心 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FC3

← 忂
[U+5FC2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

忄 →
[U+5FC4]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Stroke order

Alternative formsEdit

⼼ (U+2F3C) (Kangxi radical)
忄 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
㣺 (sometimes found as a bottom Chinese radical in characters such as 慕)

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 61 心

心 (radical 61, 心+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心 (P), four-corner 3300₀, composition ⿲丿⿺乚丶丶)

Kangxi radical #61, ⼼.

Usage notesEdit

When written as a bottom radical, 心 is similar to 灬 (fire radical) but is distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, passing under the third stroke.

Derived charactersEdit

Index:Chinese radical/心
伈, 𠖶, 吣, 𡉾, 𡚿, 抋, 沁, 𣅵, 𦙦, 杺, 𤆸, 𬌓, 𪻒, 𥘚, 𥹀, 𥿂, 𬚲, 𠴤, 𫴭, 訫, 𨊳, 𨠉, 鈊, 𪶚, 𩵽, 𩾽, 𦵃, 徳, 德, 聴, 聽

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		心

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 心
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (心) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
沁	*sʰlɯms
吣	*sʰlɯms
心	*slɯm
杺	*slɯm
伈	*slɯmʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)am-s.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xīn (xin¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ

(Chengdu, SP): xin¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic): щин (xin, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): sam¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhim¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sîm
Min Bei (KCR): séng
Min Dong (BUC): sĭng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sim

(Teochew, Peng'im): sim¹
Wu (Wiktionary): xin (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
  - Wade–Giles: hsin¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sin
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕin˥/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xin¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕin˥/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: щин (xin, I)
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕĩ˨˦/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sam¹
  - Yale: sām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sem¹
  - IPA ^(key): /sɐm˥/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhim¹
  - IPA ^(key): /ɬim˧/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: xim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xim¹
  - IPA: /ɕim˨˦/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: séng
  - IPA ^(key): /seiŋ˥˦/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
  - IPA ^(key): /siŋ˥/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sim
  - Tâi-lô: sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sym
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕim˦˦/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕim˧˧/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕim˦˦/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕim˦˦/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕim˦˦/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sim¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sim
  - IPA ^(key): /sim³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: xin (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕɪɲ˥˧/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 心
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕin˥˥/
	Harbin	/ɕin˦˦/
	Tianjin	/ɕin˨˩/
	Jinan	/ɕiẽ˨˩˧/
	Qingdao	/siə̃˨˩˧/
	Zhengzhou	/sin˨˦/
	Xi'an	/ɕiẽ˨˩/
	Xining	/ɕiə̃˦˦/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiŋ˦˦/
	Lanzhou	/ɕĩn˧˩/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiŋ˦˦/
	Wuhan	/ɕin˥˥/
	Chengdu	/ɕin˥˥/
	Guiyang	/ɕin˥˥/
	Kunming	/ɕĩ/
	Nanjing	/sin˧˩/
	Hefei	/ɕin˨˩/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəŋ˩˩/
	Pingyao	/ɕiŋ˩˧/
	Hohhot	/ɕĩŋ˧˩/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiŋ˥˧/
	Suzhou	/sin˥˥/
	Hangzhou	/ɕin˧˧/
	Wenzhou	/saŋ˧˧/
Hui	Shexian	/siʌ̃˧˩/
Hui	Tunxi	/sin˩˩/
Xiang	Changsha	/sin˧˧/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/sin˧˧/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕin˦˨/
Hakka	Meixian	/sim˦˦/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sim˨˦/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐm˥˧/
	Nanning	/ɬɐm˥˥/
	Hong Kong	/sɐm˥˥/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sim˥˥/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/siŋ˦˦/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/seiŋ˥˦/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/sim˧˧/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/tim˨˧/

Middle Chinese: /siɪm/▼

Rime
Character	心
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息林切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/sim/
Shao Rongfen	/sjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sim/
Li Rong	/siəm/
Wang Li	/sĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*səm/

(Zhengzhang): /*slɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	心
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ sim ›
Old Chinese	/*səm/
English	heart
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	心
Reading #	1/1
No.	13801
Phonetic component	心
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	心
Old Chinese	/*slɯm/

DefinitionsEdit

心

heart (Classifier: 顆／颗 m)
mind
thought; idea
intention
center; core

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 心

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (心):

→ Japanese: 心 (しん) (shin)
→ Korean: 심 (心, sim)
→ Vietnamese: tâm (心)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しん (sin, historical)}^{←しむ (simu, ancient)}
Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しん (sin, historical)}^{←しむ (simu, ancient)}
Kun: こころ (kokoro, 心, Jōyō)
Nanori: うち (uchi); きよ (kiyo); ご (go); ごり (gori); さね (sane); なか (naka); まこと (makoto); み (mi); むね (mune); もと (moto)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

心算 (つもり) (tsumori)
稈 (み)心 (ご) (migo)