心

See also: 必

心	U+5FC3, 心 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FC3

← 忂
[U+5FC2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

忄 →
[U+5FC4]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Stroke order

Alternative formsEdit

⼼ (U+2F3C) (Kangxi radical)
忄 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
㣺 (sometimes found as a bottom Chinese radical in characters such as 慕)

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 61 心

心 (radical 61, 心+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心 (P), four-corner 3300₀, composition ⿲丿⿺乚丶丶)

Kangxi radical #61, ⼼.

Usage notesEdit

When written as a bottom radical, 心 is similar to 灬 (fire radical) but is distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, passing under the third stroke.

Derived charactersEdit

Index:Chinese radical/心
伈, 𠖶, 吣, 𡉾, 𡚿, 抋, 沁, 𣅵, 𦙦, 杺, 𤆸, 𬌓, 𪻒, 𥘚, 𥹀, 𥿂, 𬚲, 𠴤, 𫴭, 訫, 𨊳, 𨠉, 鈊, 𪶚, 𩵽, 𩾽, 𦵃, 徳, 德, 聴, 聽

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		心

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 心
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (心) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
沁	*sʰlɯms
吣	*sʰlɯms
心	*slɯm
杺	*slɯm
伈	*slɯmʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)am-s.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xīn (xin¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ

(Chengdu, SP): xin¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic): щин (xin, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): sam¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhim¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sîm
Min Bei (KCR): séng
Min Dong (BUC): sĭng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sim

(Teochew, Peng'im): sim¹
Wu (Wiktionary): xin (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
  - Wade–Giles: hsin¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xin¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: щин (xin, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕĩ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sam¹
  - Yale: sām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬim³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: xim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ɕim²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: séng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seiŋ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sim
  - Tâi-lô: sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sym
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕim³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕim⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sim¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sim
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sim³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: xin (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɪɲ⁵³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 心
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕin⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕin²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕiẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/siə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/sin²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕiẽ²¹/
	Xining	/ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕĩ/
	Nanjing	/sin³¹/
	Hefei	/ɕin²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/sin⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕin³³/
	Wenzhou	/saŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/siʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/sin¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/sin³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/sin³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕin⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/sim⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sim²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐm⁵³/
	Nanning	/ɬɐm⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/sɐm⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sim⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/siŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/seiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/sim³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/tim²³/

Middle Chinese: /siɪm/▼

Rime
Character	心
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息林切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/sim/
Shao Rongfen	/sjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sim/
Li Rong	/siəm/
Wang Li	/sĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*səm/

(Zhengzhang): /*slɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	心
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ sim ›
Old Chinese	/*səm/
English	heart
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	心
Reading #	1/1
No.	13801
Phonetic component	心
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	心
Old Chinese	/*slɯm/

DefinitionsEdit

心

heart (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 個／个 c)
mind
thought; idea
intention
center; core

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 心

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (心):

→ Japanese: 心 (しん) (shin)
→ Korean: 심 (心, sim)
→ Vietnamese: tâm (心)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しん (sin, historical)}^{←しむ (simu, ancient)}
Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しん (sin, historical)}^{←しむ (simu, ancient)}
Kun: こころ (kokoro, 心, Jōyō)
Nanori: うち (uchi); きよ (kiyo); ご (go); ごり (gori); さね (sane); なか (naka); まこと (makoto); み (mi); むね (mune); もと (moto)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

心算 (つもり) (tsumori)
稈 (み)心 (ご) (migo)