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心

See also: 必
心 U+5FC3, 心
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FC3
← 忂
[U+5FC2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忄 →
[U+5FC4]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

  • 忄 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
  • 㣺 (sometimes when used as a bottom Chinese radical, like 慕)

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 61 心

心 (radical 61, 心+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心 (P), four-corner 33000)

  1. Kangxi radical #61, ⼼.

Usage notesEdit

When written as a bottom radical, it is similar to 灬 but is distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, passing under the third stroke – this is an important composition detail.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 375, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10295
  • Dae Jaweon: page 700, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2267, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5FC3

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 心

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 心
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (心) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沁 *sʰlɯms
吣 *sʰlɯms
心 *slɯm
杺 *slɯm
伈 *slɯmʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)am-s.

PronunciationEdit

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 心
Mandarin Beijing /ɕin⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕin⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕin²¹/
Jinan /ɕiẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /siə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /sin²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiẽ²¹/
Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕĩ/
Nanjing /sin³¹/
Hefei /ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /sin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sin³³/
Xiangtan /sin³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sim⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sim²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐm⁵³/
Nanning /ɬɐm⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐm⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sim⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /seiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sim³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tim²³/
Rime
Character 心
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息林切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sim/
Li
Rong 		/siəm/
Wang
Li 		/sĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xīn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 心
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*səm/
English heart

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 心
Reading # 1/1
No. 13801
Phonetic
component 		心
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		心
Old
Chinese 		/*slɯm/

DefinitionsEdit

心

  1. heart (Classifier: 顆／颗 m)
  2. mind
  3. thought; idea
  4. intention
  5. center; core

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 心

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (心):
  • Japanese: 心 (しん) (shin)
  • Korean: 심 (心, sim)
  • Vietnamese: tâm (心)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

心

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. heart
  2. spirit

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Terms derived from 心

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
心
こころ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨ko2ko2ro2⟩ → */kəkərə/ → /kokoro/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kəkərə. Cognate with Okinawan 心 (kukuru).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

心 (hiragana こころ, rōmaji kokoro)

  1. mind, heart, spirit, soul; thoughts, ideas
    心 (こころ)の底 (そこ)から
    kokoro no soko kara
    from the bottom of one's heart
    人 (ひと)の心 (こころ)を奪 (うば)う
    hito no kokoro o ubau
    to steal someone's heart; to captivate someone
    • 2007 March 16, CLAMP, “Chapitreシャピトル.134 唯ゆい一いつの存そん在ざい [Chapitre.134 The Only One]”, in ツバサ ＲＥＳＥＲＶｏｉｒ ＣＨＲｏＮｉＣＬＥ [Tsubasa: RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE], volume 18 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 31–32:
      ‥‥それでも行 (い)きます　小狼 (シャオラン)君 (くん)の心 (こころ)を取 (と)り戻 (もど)す為 (ため)に
      ‥‥Sore demo ikimasu Shaoran-kun no kokoro o torimodosu tame ni
      ‥‥Even so, I will go on, to get back Xiaolang-kun’s heart
  2. attention, mind, interest
  3. heart, feelings, emotion, emotional state
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3466)[3] text here
      麻 (ま)可 (か)奈 (な)思 (し)美 (み)奴 (ぬ)礼 (れ)婆 (ば)許 (こ)登 (と)尓 (に)豆 (づ)佐 (さ)祢 (ね)奈 (な)敝 (へ)波 (ば)己 (こ)許 (こ)呂 (ろ)乃 (の)緒 (を)呂 (ろ)尓 (に)能 (の)里 (り)弖 (て)可 (か)奈 (な)思 (し)母 (も) [Man'yōgana]
      ま愛 (かな)しみ寝 (ぬ)れば言 (こと)に出 (づ)さ寝 (ね)なへば心 (こころ)の緒 (を)ろに乗 (の)りて愛 (かな)しも [Modern spelling]
      makanashimi nureba koto ni zu sanenaeba kokoro no oro ni norite kanashi mo
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  4. wholeheartedness, sincerity, true heart
  5. sympathy, heart, consideration, generous disposition
  6. meaning, essence; answer (as to a riddle)
See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
心
うら
Grade: 2
Irregular

Cognate with 裏 (ura, “inside”).

PronunciationEdit

  • (Irregular reading)

NounEdit

心 (hiragana うら, rōmaji ura)

  1. inner feelings; heart

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
心
しん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/simu/ → /siɴ/ → /ɕiɴ/

From Middle Chinese 心 (MC siɪm).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

心 (hiragana しん, rōmaji shin)

  1. heart, mind, core; spirit, vitality; inner strength, marrow
  2. core (as of a fruit); wick; lead (as of a pencil); padding
CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ^ ,Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

心 (eumhun 마음 심 (ma-eum sim))

  1. heart, feeling, emotion

CompoundsEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

心 (tâm, tim)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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