知識

See also: 知识

Chinese

		to know; to be aware	to record; write a footnote; to know to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge
trad. (知識)		知	識
simp. (知识)		知	识
alternative forms		知䛊 obsolete

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhīshi, zhīshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄓ ˙ㄕ, ㄓ ㄕˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic): җышы (žɨšɨ, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ sik¹, zi³ sik¹
• Min Dong (BUC): dĭ-sék
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tì-sek / tì-siak / tì-sit / ti-siak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zai¹ sêg⁴ / di³ sêg⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): tsr seq (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhīshi
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ˙ㄕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy.shy
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshi̊h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
    • Pinyin: zhīshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄕˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshìh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 知事 知識／知识 芝士

  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic: җышы (žɨšɨ, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
    • Jyutping: zi¹ sik¹, zi³ sik¹
    • Yale: jī sīk, ji sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ sik⁷, dzi³ sik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ xig¹, ji³ xig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/, /t͡siː³³ sɪk̚⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 姿色 知悉 知識／知识

Note: zi3 sik1 - also written as 智識.

• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭ-sék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(s-)lɛiʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-sek
    • Tâi-lô: tì-sik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dieseg
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²¹⁻⁴¹ ɕiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹⁻⁵³ ɕiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ti²¹⁻⁵³ ɕiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-siak
    • Tâi-lô: tì-siak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diesiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɕiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-sit
    • Tâi-lô: tì-sit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diesid
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²¹⁻⁵³ ɕit̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti-siak
    • Tâi-lô: ti-siak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: disiag
    • IPA (Philippines): /ti³³ ɕiak̚⁵/

Note: also written as 智識.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zai¹ sêg⁴ / di³ sêg⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai sek / tì sek
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³⁻²³ sek̚²/, /ti²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sek̚²/

Note: di3 sêg4 - also written as 智識.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tsr seq (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵ səʔ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ʈiᴇ  ɕɨk̚/

Rime
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟移切	賞職切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjɛ/	/ɕiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiə̆/	/ɕik̚/
Li Rong	/ȶie/	/ɕiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe/	/ɕĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶie̯/	/ɕi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zh-	shi

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tre  s-tək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e  tjɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ trje ›	‹ syik ›
Old Chinese	/*tre/	/*s-tək/
English	know	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11495	17244
Phonetic component	矢	戠
Rime group	支	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		志
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'e/	/*tjɯɡs/
Notes	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲	戠轉註字

Noun

知識

1. knowledge

   學習知識 / 学习知识  ―  xuéxí zhīshí  ―  to acquire knowledge

   更新知識 / 更新知识  ―  gēngxīn zhīshí  ―  to renew one's knowledge

   知識淵博 / 知识渊博  ―  zhīshi yuānbó  ―  to be knowledgeable

   傳授知識 / 传授知识  ―  chuánshòu zhīshi  ―  to pass on knowledge

   知識結構 / 知识结构  ―  zhīshí jiégòu  ―  knowledge structure

   圖書館是人類知識的海洋。 [MSC, trad.]
   图书馆是人类知识的海洋。 [MSC, simp.]

   Túshūguǎn shì rénlèi zhīshí de hǎiyáng. [Pinyin]

   Libraries contain knowledge of human experience as vast as the open sea.

2. intellect; intelligence

Synonyms

• (knowledge):

edit

• 學問／学问 (xuéwèn)
• 心得 (xīndé) (knowledge gained)
• 所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
• 智識／智识 (zhìshí) (literary, or Min Nan and Cantonese)

• 見聞／见闻 (jiànwén)
• 見識／见识 (jiànshí)
• 認識／认识 (rènshi)
• 識見／识见 (shíjiàn) (literary)

• (intellect): 智力 (zhìlì)
• (acquaintance):

edit

• 所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
• 熟人 (shúrén)
• 熟人子 (Xiang)

• 熟似人 (Min Nan)
• 相識／相识 (xiāngshí)

Derived terms

Derived terms from 知識

• 冷知識／冷知识 (lěngzhīshi)
• 專業知識／专业知识 (zhuānyè zhīshí)
• 知識人／知识人 (zhīshirén)
• 知識分子／知识分子 (zhīshi fènzǐ)
• 知識就是力量／知识就是力量 (zhīshi jiùshì lìliàng)
• 知識工人／知识工人 (zhīshi gōngrén)
• 知識產業／知识产业 (zhīshi chǎnyè)
• 知識產權／知识产权 (zhīshi chǎnquán)

• 知識界／知识界 (zhīshijiè)
• 知識經濟／知识经济 (zhīshi jīngjì)
• 知識論／知识论 (zhīshilùn)
• 知識青年／知识青年 (zhīshi qīngnián)
• 知識面／知识面 (zhīshimiàn)
• 知識點／知识点 (zhīshidiǎn)
• 零知識證明／零知识证明 (língzhīshi zhèngmíng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (知識):

• → Japanese: 知(ち)識(しき) (chishiki)
• → Korean: 지식 (知識, jisik)
• → Vietnamese: tri thức (知識)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhīshí, zhīshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄓ ㄕˊ, ㄓ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ sik¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhīshí
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄕˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshy
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshíh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
    • Pinyin: zhīshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄕˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshìh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 知事 知識／知识 芝士

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
    • Jyutping: zi¹ sik¹
    • Yale: jī sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ sik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ xig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 姿色 知悉 知識／知识

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• Middle Chinese: /ʈiᴇ  ɕɨk̚/

Rime
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟移切	賞職切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjɛ/	/ɕiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiə̆/	/ɕik̚/
Li Rong	/ȶie/	/ɕiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe/	/ɕĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶie̯/	/ɕi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zh-	shi

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tre  s-tək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e  tjɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ trje ›	‹ syik ›
Old Chinese	/*tre/	/*s-tək/
English	know	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11495	17244
Phonetic component	矢	戠
Rime group	支	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		志
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'e/	/*tjɯɡs/
Notes	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲	戠轉註字

Verb

知識

1. (literary) to know; to be familiar with

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 知識

• 了解 (liǎojiě)
• 佔有／占有 (zhànyǒu)
• 分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
• 懂 (dǒng)
• 懂得 (dǒngde)
• 打生 (Wenzhounese)
• 把握 (bǎwò)
• 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
• 明 (míng) (Cantonese)
• 明白 (míngbai)
• 明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
• 曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
• 會悟／会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
• 洞悉 (dòngxī)
• 清亮 (qīngliàng) (mainland China)
• 清楚 (qīngchu)
• 熟似 (Min Nan)
• 熟悉 (shúxī)
• 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
• 熟識／熟识 (shúshí)

• 理會／理会 (lǐhuì)
• 理解 (lǐjiě)
• 瞭悟／了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
• 瞭然／了然 (liǎorán)
• 知影 (Min Nan)
• 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
• 知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
• 知道 (zhīdào)
• 覺悟／觉悟 (juéwù)
• 覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
• 認識／认识 (rènshi)
• 諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
• 貫通／贯通 (guàntōng)
• 通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
• 通達／通达 (tōngdá)
• 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
• 開悟／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
• 領悟／领悟 (lǐngwù)
• 領會／领会 (lǐnghuì)
• 領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)

Noun

知識

1. (literary) acquaintance; friend

   • 人有大臭者，其親戚兄弟妻妾知識無能與居者，自苦而居海上。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     人有大臭者，其亲戚兄弟妻妾知识无能与居者，自苦而居海上。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Lü Buwei, Mister Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE

     Rén yǒu dà chòu zhě, qí qīnqī xiōngdì qīqiè zhīshí wú néng yǔ jū zhě, zìkǔ ér jū hǎishàng. [Pinyin]

     There was a man who stank obnoxiously. Among his relatives, siblings, wives, and friends, none could bear to live with him. Troubled by himself, he went to dwell on an island in the sea.

Derived terms

• 善知識／善知识 (shànzhīshí)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
知	識
ち Grade: 2	しき Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) ち​しき [chíꜜshìkì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiɕi̥kʲi]

Noun

知(ち)識(しき) • (chishiki) 

1. knowledge

   知識(ちしき)を得(え)る

   chishiki o eru

   to acquire knowledge

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Korean

Hanja in this term
知	識

Noun

知識 • (jisik) (hangeul 지식)

1. Hanja form^? of 지식 (“knowledge”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
知	識

Noun

知識

1. Hán tự form of tri thức (“knowledge”).