敢若

Chinese edit

Etymology 1 edit

		dare	to seem; like; as to seem; like; as; if
trad. (敢若)		敢	若
simp. ^#(敢若)		敢	若
alternative forms		簡若／简若假若假那到那較乃／较乃 Quanzhou 簡若／简若假若假那到那較乃／较乃 Quanzhou 較若／较若 Quanzhou

Pronunciation edit

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): káⁿ-ná / kà-ná / kán-ná / ká-ná / kah-ná

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ-ná
  - Tâi-lô: kánn-ná
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvafnar
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /kã⁴²⁻²⁴ na⁴²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kà-ná
  - Tâi-lô: kà-ná
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karnar
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nã⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán-ná
  - Tâi-lô: kán-ná
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafnnar
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /kan⁴²⁻²⁴ na⁴²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ká-ná
  - Tâi-lô: ká-ná
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafnar
  - IPA (Taipei): /ka⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kah-ná
  - Tâi-lô: kah-ná
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kahnar
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ nã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã⁵³/

Verb edit

敢若

(Hokkien) to seem; to be like; as if

Synonyms edit

不啻 (bùchì) (literary)
似 (ci⁵) (Cantonese, Classical Chinese)
似乎 (sìhū)
似如 (si⁴ y²) (Xiang)
像 (xiàng)
像係／像系 (Hakka)
像是 (xiàngshì)
儼如／俨如 (yǎnrú) (literary)
儼然／俨然 (yǎnrán)
儼若／俨若 (yǎnruò) (literary)
勝如／胜如 (²sen-zr) (Wu)
好似 (hǎosì)
好像 (hǎoxiàng)
如同 (rútóng)
好比 (hǎobǐ)
宛 (Classical Chinese, or compounds only)
宛如 (wǎnrú) (literary)
宛然 (wǎnrán) (literary)
宛若 (wǎnruò) (literary)
就像 (jiùxiàng)
彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú)
忽如 (hūrú) (literary)
恍若 (huǎngruò)
敢若是 (Hokkien)
𣍐輸／𫧃输 (bē-su) (Hokkien)
有如 (yǒurú) (formal)
猶似／犹似 (yóusì) (literary)
猶像／犹像 (yóuxiàng) (literary)
猶如／犹如 (yóurú) (formal)
甲像 (Hokkien)
甲像是 (Hokkien)
甲親像／甲亲像 (Hokkien)
看上去 (kàn shàngqù)
看似 (kànsì)
看來／看来 (kànlái)
看樣子／看样子 (kànyàngzi)
看起來／看起来 (kànqilai)
若 (Classical Chinese, or compounds only)
若像 (Hokkien)
若親像／若亲像 (Hokkien)
表面上 (biǎomiànshang)
親像／亲像 (Hakka, Hokkien)
象 (xiàng)
貌似 (màosì)
賽可／赛可 (Ningbonese)
較像／较像 (Hokkien)
較像是／较像是 (Hokkien)
較親像／较亲像 (Hokkien)
顯得／显得 (xiǎnde)

Dialectal synonyms of 好像 (“to seem like; to be as if”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		好像, 似乎, 彷彿
Mandarin	Taiwan	好像
	Malaysia	好像
	Singapore	好像
Cantonese	Hong Kong	好似
Cantonese	Singapore (Guangfu)	好似
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	親像
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	親像
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	親像
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	親像
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	親像
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	親像
Southern Min	Xiamen	敢若, 敢若是, 親像
	Quanzhou	敢若, 敢若是, 親像
	Zhangzhou	親像
	Tainan	敢若
	Singapore (Hokkien)	敢若, 敢若是, 親像
	Manila (Hokkien)	較若像, 敢若像, 較若, 敢若, 敢若是, 親像, 若像, 較像

References edit

“Entry #8469”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Etymology 2 edit

		dare	to seem; like; as to seem; like; as; if
trad. (敢若)		敢	若
simp. ^#(敢若)		敢	若
alternative forms		較若／较若 Quanzhou

Pronunciation edit

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): káⁿ-nā / kà-nǎ / kah-nā

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ-nā
  - Tâi-lô: kánn-nā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvafna
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kà-nǎ
  - Tâi-lô: kà-nǎ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nã²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kah-nā
  - Tâi-lô: kah-nā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kahna
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã²²/

Conjunction edit

敢若

(Hokkien) since; as; now that

Synonyms edit

既然 (jìrán)
(Hokkien) 敢若是

References edit

“Entry #8469”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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