既然

Chinese

		already; since; both... (and...)	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (既然)		既	然
simp. #(既然)		既	然

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìrán

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄖㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei³ jin⁴

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ki-yèn / ki-yàn
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kì-liân / kì-jiân / kī-giân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gi³ riang⁵ / gi³ riêng⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìrán
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄖㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìrán
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴-jan²
    • Yale: jì-rán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihran
    • Palladius: цзижань (czižanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gei³ jin⁴
    • Yale: gei yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei³ jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi³ yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯³³ jiːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki-yèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi ienˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi⁴ yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵ i̯en¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki-yàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi (r)ianˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi⁴ yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵ (j)i̯an¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì-liân
    • Tâi-lô: kì-liân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kielieen
    • IPA (Singapore): /ki²¹⁻⁴² liɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ki²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ki¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì-jiân
    • Tâi-lô: kì-jiân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiejieen
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī-giân
    • Tâi-lô: kī-giân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kixgieen
    • IPA (Longyan): /ki⁵⁵ ɡiɛn¹¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gi³ riang⁵ / gi³ riêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kì jiâng / kì jiêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/, /ki²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/

Conjunction

既然

1. since; as; now that; considering

   既然已經幫助他了，就索性幫到底。 [MSC, trad.]
   既然已经帮助他了，就索性帮到底。 [MSC, simp.]

   Jìrán yǐjīng bāngzhù tā le, jiù suǒxìng bāng dàodǐ. [Pinyin]

   Since we've already helped him out, we might as well help until the job is done.

   既然你們都已經想清楚了，那我尊敬你們的意願。 [MSC, trad.]
   既然你们都已经想清楚了，那我尊敬你们的意愿。 [MSC, simp.]

   Jìrán nǐmen dōu yǐjīng xiǎng qīngchu le, nà wǒ zūnjìng nǐmen de yìyuàn. [Pinyin]

   Considering you have all thought it through, I will respect your wishes.

Synonyms

• (Hokkien) 敢若, 敢若是, 甲