欲する
Japanese edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 欲 |
| ほっ Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology edit
/porisu/ → /posːu/ → /posːuru/
Sound shift from classical verb 欲す (horisu),[1][2][3][4] in turn from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 欲る (horu, “to wish for, to desire”). + す (su, precursor to modern する (suru, “to do”)).[2][4]
The sense "to attempt to" is a calque of Classical Chinese 欲.
First attested in ideographic form in the Nihon Shoki of 720,[2] and in phonetic spelling in the Man'yōshū of 759.[5]
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) ほっする [hòssúrú] (Heiban – [0])[4][6][7]
- (Tokyo) ほっする [hòssúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[4][6][7]
- IPA(key): [ho̞sːɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb edit
欲する • (hossuru) transitive suru (stem 欲し (hosshi), past 欲した (hosshita))
- [from 720] to want, to desire
- 目的を欲する
- mokuteki o hossuru
- desire one's goal
- 目的を欲する
- [from 1104] (literary) in the form んと欲す (-n to hossu) (after the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of a verb): to attempt to
- 将を射んと欲すればまず馬を射よ
- shō o in to hossureba mazu uma o iyo
- (idiom) to shoot the general, first shoot his horse
- 将を射んと欲すればまず馬を射よ
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "ほっする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ほっせ ほっし |
ho'se ho'shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ほっし | ho'shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ほっする | ho'suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ほっする | ho'suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ほっすれ | ho'sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ほっしろ ほっせよ |
ho'shiro ho'seyo | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | ほっせられる ほっしられる |
ho'serareru ho'shirareru | |
| Causative | ほっしさせる ほっしさす |
ho'shisaseru ho'shisasu | |
| Potential | ほっせられる ほっしられる |
ho'serareru ho'shirareru | |
| Volitional | ほっしよう | ho'shiyō | |
| Negative | ほっしない | ho'shinai | |
| Negative continuative | ほっせず | ho'sezu | |
| Formal | ほっします | ho'shimasu | |
| Perfective | ほっした | ho'shita | |
| Conjunctive | ほっして | ho'shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | ほっすれば | ho'sureba | |
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “欲”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ “欲する”, in デジタル大辞泉[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ , spelled in the suppositional as 保里勢牟 ⟨porisemu⟩, available online here
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN