膝蓋骨

See also: 膝盖骨

Chinese

		knee	bone
trad. (膝蓋骨)		膝蓋	骨
simp. (膝盖骨)		膝盖	骨

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xīgàigǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ ㄍㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sat¹ goi³ gwat¹
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): qid⁵ goi⁴ gud⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sit-kài-kut

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xīgàigǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ ㄍㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sigàigǔ
    • Wade–Giles: hsi¹-kai⁴-ku³
    • Yale: syī-gài-gǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shigayguu
    • Palladius: сигайгу (sigajgu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵ kaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sat¹ goi³ gwat¹
    • Yale: sāt goi gwāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sat⁷ goi³ gwat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: sed¹ goi³ gued¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐt̚⁵ kɔːi̯³³ kʷɐt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: qid⁵ goi⁴ gud⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚¹ koɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kut̚¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-kài-kut
    • Tâi-lô: sit-kài-kut
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sitkae'kud
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ kai²¹⁻⁵³ kut̚³²/

Noun

膝蓋骨

1. patella; kneecap
2. (Hakka) knee joint

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 膝蓋骨 (“patella; kneecap”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		膝蓋骨, 髕骨
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	克膝蓋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	波羅蓋, 膝頭蓋
	Hong Kong	波羅蓋, 膝頭蓋
Hakka	Meixian	膝頭骨
	Yudu	膝頭蓋
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	跤鏡
Southern Min	Xiamen	燈火碗, 跤頭趺骨
	Quanzhou	跤頭趺骨
	Zhangzhou	燈火碗, 跤頭腕
	Haikou	跤趺骨, 跤趺臍骨
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	膝頭蓋, 膝頭尖, 膝頭
Wu	Jinhua	腳寶蓋
Xiang	Changsha	膝頭骨, 髂膝骨

• (knee joint): 膝關節／膝关节 (xīguānjié)

Japanese

膝蓋骨 (shitsugaikotsu): the patella in a diagram of the knee.

Kanji in this term
膝	蓋	骨
しつ Grade: S	がい Grade: S	こつ Grade: 6
kan’on	kan’yōon	kan’on

Etymology

Compound of 膝蓋 (shitsugai, literally “knee + lid, cap”) +‎ 骨 (kotsu, “bone”). First cited to a medical terminology list from 1872.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しつが​いこつ [shìtsúgáꜜìkòtsù] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [ɕit͡sɨᵝɡa̠iko̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

膝(しつ)蓋(がい)骨(こつ) • (shitsugaikotsu) 

1. [from 1872] a kneecap, a patella

   Synonyms: 膝の皿 (hiza no sara), 膝皿 (hiza sara), 膝頭 (hizagashira)

Usage notes

Both 膝の皿 (hiza no sara) and 膝皿 (hiza sara) are also in use in modern Japanese, with 膝の皿 (hiza no sara) used more frequently of the two. The term 膝蓋骨 (shitsugaikotsu) is somewhat more technical, a bit like English patella compared to kneecap.