go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open |
to ask | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (通問) | 通 | 問 | |
| simp. (通问) | 通 | 问 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 通 | 問 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 他紅切 | 亡運切 |
| Baxter | thuwng | mjunH |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tʰuŋ/ | /mɨunH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tʰuŋ/ | /miunH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tʰuŋ/ | /miuənH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tʰəwŋ/ | /munH/ |
| Li Rong |
/tʰuŋ/ | /miuənH/ |
| Wang Li |
/tʰuŋ/ | /mĭuənH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tʰuŋ/ | /mi̯uənH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
tōng | wèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
tung1 | man6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 通 | 問 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
tōng | wèn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ thuwng › | ‹ mjunH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*l̥ˁoŋ/ | /*C.mu[n]-s/ |
| English | penetrate | ask |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 通 | 問 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 15428 | 8967 |
| Phonetic component |
用 | 門 |
| Rime group |
東 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
通 | 問 |
| Old Chinese |
/*l̥ʰoːŋ/ | /*mɯns/ |
通問