U+4EA1, 亡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA1

[U+4EA0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4EA2]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

(Kangxi radical 8, +1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 卜女 (YV), four-corner 00710, composition𠃊(GV) or ⿱(HTJK) or ⿱ or ⿱)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 88, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 287
  • Dae Jaweon: page 184, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 279, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4EA1

ChineseEdit

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
𬼖

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogram (指事): a line on cutting edge of a knife; the original form of (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “edge of a knife”).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (not) + Proto-Sino-Tibetan terminative suffix *-ŋ. Cognate with (OC *maŋ, *maŋs, “to forget”), (OC *mlaŋʔ, “to not have”), (OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs, “to waste (land, time)”) and (OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ, “to lose”).

Pronunciation 1Edit


Note:
  • 3maan - vernacular;
  • 3vaan - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mʉɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/mʷiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/miuɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/muaŋ/
Li
Rong
/miuaŋ/
Wang
Li
/mĭwaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/miwaŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
wáng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mong4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
wáng
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjang ›
Old
Chinese
/*maŋ/
English flee; disappear; die

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 12662
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*maŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

  1. to flee
      ―  táowáng  ―  to flee
  2. to lose
      ―  wáng  ―  to be lost
    羊補牢羊补牢  ―  wángyángbǔláo  ―  to repair the pen after sheep is lost
  3. to die
      ―  wáng  ―  to die
      ―  wáng  ―  deceased wife
  4. to perish
      ―  mièwáng  ―  to perish
  5. Alternative form of (wàng, “to forget”).
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit

Pronunciation 2Edit

DefinitionsEdit

  1. Alternative form of (, “not have”).
  2. Alternative form of (, “don't”).

ReferencesEdit

  • 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. destroy
  2. fall; collapse
  3. not exist; nonexistent
  4. run away

ReadingsEdit

As an alternative form of (not):

CompoundsEdit

KoreanEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Chinese (MC mʉɐŋ).

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 망할 (manghal mang))

  1. Hanja form? of (destroy; collapse).

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Related to Middle Chinese (MC mɨo).

HanjaEdit

(eumhun 없을 (eopseul mu))

  1. Alternative form of (Hanja form? of (not).)

ReferencesEdit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

: Hán Nôm readings: vong,

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReferencesEdit