亡
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
亡 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 卜女 (YV), four-corner 00710, composition ⿱亠𠃊(GV) or ⿱亠㇄(HTJK) or ⿱丶匸 or ⿱丨匸)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 88, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 287
- Dae Jaweon: page 184, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 279, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4EA1
ChineseEdit
trad. | 亡 | |
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simp. # | 亡 | |
alternative forms | 亾 𬼖 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 亡 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Old Chinese | |
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忙 | *maːŋ |
芒 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
茫 | *maːŋ |
恾 | *maːŋ |
吂 | *maːŋ, *maːŋs |
汒 | *maːŋ, *maŋs |
朚 | *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs |
邙 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
杗 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
荒 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs |
肓 | *hmaːŋ |
衁 | *hmaːŋ |
巟 | *hmaːŋ |
詤 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ |
慌 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ |
謊 | *hmaːŋʔ |
喪 | *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ |
亡 | *maŋ |
望 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
莣 | *maŋ |
朢 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
鋩 | *maŋ |
硭 | *maŋ |
忘 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
网 | *mlaŋʔ |
罔 | *mlaŋʔ |
蛧 | *maŋʔ |
網 | *mlaŋʔ |
輞 | *maŋʔ |
棢 | *maŋʔ |
惘 | *maŋʔ |
菵 | *maŋʔ |
誷 | *maŋʔ |
魍 | *maŋʔ |
妄 | *maŋs |
盲 | *mraːŋ |
蝱 | *mraːŋ |
虻 | *mraːŋ |
氓 | *mraːŋ |
甿 | *mraːŋ |
Ideogram (指事): a line on 刀 – cutting edge of a knife; the original form of 芒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “edge of a knife”).
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”) + Proto-Sino-Tibetan terminative suffix *-ŋ. Cognate with 忘 (OC *maŋ, *maŋs, “to forget”), 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ, “to not have”), 荒 (OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs, “to waste (land, time)”) and 喪 (OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ, “to lose”).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
亡
- to flee
- 逃亡 ― táowáng ― to flee
- to lose
- to die
- to perish
- † Alternative form of 忘 (wàng, “to forget”).
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
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Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
亡
- † Alternative form of 無/无 (wú, “not have”).
- 夷狄之有君,不如諸夏之亡也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yídí zhī yǒu jūn, bùrú zhūxià zhī wú yě. [Pinyin]
- The rude tribes of the east and north have their princes, and are not like the States of our great land which are without them.
夷狄之有君,不如诸夏之亡也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 司馬牛憂曰:「人皆有兄弟,我獨亡。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Sīmǎ Niú yōu yuē: “Rén jiē yǒu xiōngdì, wǒ dú wú.” [Pinyin]
- Sima Niu, full of anxiety, said, "Other men all have their brothers, I only have not."
司马牛忧曰:“人皆有兄弟,我独亡。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † Alternative form of 毋 (wú, “don't”).
ReferencesEdit
- 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: もう (mō, Jōyō †)←まう (mau, historical)
- Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)←ばう (bau, historical)
- Kun: ない (nai, 亡い, Jōyō); なき (naki, 亡き); ほろぶ (horobu, 亡ぶ); ほろびる (horobiru, 亡びる); ほろぼす (horobosu, 亡ぼす)
As an alternative form of 無 (“not”):
CompoundsEdit
- Common
- 死亡 (shibō)
- 亡夫 (bōfu)
- 亡父 (bōfu)
- 存亡 (sonbō)
- 逃亡 (tōbō)
- 亡骸 (nakigara)
- 亡命 (bōmei)
- 亡霊 (bōrei)
- 滅亡 (metsubō)
- 死亡者 (shibōsha)
- 死亡率 (shibōritsu)
- 未亡人 (mibōjin)
- 亡くなる (nakunaru)
- Uncommon
- 亡柿 (bōshi)
- 亡子 (bōshi)
- 亡児 (bōji)
- 亡婦 (bōfu)
- 亡母 (bōbo)
- 興亡 (kōbō)
- 衰亡 (suibō)
- 損亡 (sonbō)
- 敗亡 (haibō)
- 亡君 (bōkun)
- 亡兄 (bōkei)
- 亡国 (bōkoku)
- 亡魂 (bōkon)
- 亡妻 (bōsai)
- 亡失 (bōshitsu)
- 亡親 (bōshin)
- 亡弟 (bōtei)
- 亡八 (bōhachi)
- 亡妹 (bōmai)
- 亡友 (bōyū)
- 死亡地 (shibōchi)
- 亡き後 (nakiato)
- 亡き人 (nakihito)
- 亡き者 (nakimono)
- 亡状 (bōjō)
- 流亡 (ryūbō)
- 死亡記事 (shibōkiji)
- 逃亡者 (tōbōsha)
- 逃亡犯 (tōbōhan)
- 亡命者 (bōmeisha)
- 死亡時刻 (shibōjikoku)
- 死亡届 (shibōtodoke)
- 死亡保険 (shibōhoken)
- 胎児死亡 (taijishibō)
- 多岐亡羊 (takibōyō)
- 逃亡中 (tōbōchū)
- 死亡広告 (shibōkōkoku)
- Rare
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Chinese 亡 (MC mʉɐŋ).
HanjaEdit
亡 (eumhun 망할 망 (manghal mang))
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Related to Middle Chinese 無 (MC mɨo).
HanjaEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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